Abstract
Background: Areca nut (Areca catechu Linn.) is the seed of the fruit of the oriental palm that is commonly used among Southeast Asian communities. Chrysanthemum (Dendrathema grandiflora) is a flowering plant originating from East Asia and dominantly grows in China. Both of these plants have strong antioxidant activities. To investigate the mechanism of their wound healing activities, we prepared areca nut and chrysanthemum polyethylene oral gel and performed several in vivo assays using Sprague–Dawley rats. Methods: Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into five groups: Negative control group (rats with base gel treatment), positive control group (rats treated with triamcinolone acetonide), F1 (treatment with 20% areca nut:80% chrysanthemum), F2 (treatment with 50% areca nut:50% chrysanthemum), and F3 (treatment with 80% areca nut:20% chrysanthemum). Traumatic ulcers were performed on the buccal mucosa of all experimental animals that received topical oral gel and triamcinolone acetonide twice a day for seven days. The clinical and histological characteristics were analyzed and scored. Results: During the six days, the ulcerated area receded linearly over time and was completely cicatrized in F2 and positive control group (Dependent t-test, p<0.05). There were significant increases in body weight in F2 and positive control groups. There were no significant differences between groups in histology examination (Kruskal Wallis test, p<0.05). The moderate score of TNF-α levels was seen in F2 and positive control groups (ANOVA/Tukey test). Similar results were seen in the collagenases assay. Conclusions: A balanced combination of areca nut and chrysanthemum extract in the oral gel can optimize the healing of traumatic oral ulcers in rats through the increase of TNF-α and collagen deposition.
Highlights
Oral ulceration is the most common presentation in the oral cavity caused by many etiologic factors.[1]
This study aimed to evaluate the potential of the combination of areca nut and chrysanthemum oral gel on oral mucosa using the Sprague–Dawley rat model
Clinical evaluation The change comparison of ulcer size analysis in the buccal mucosa of rats showed a significant decrease in ulcer size in F1, F2, F3, and positive control groups (Figure 1A–J, Table 2)
Summary
Oral ulceration is the most common presentation in the oral cavity caused by many etiologic factors.[1]. The linear tissue repair and regeneration involves growth factors that induce cell proliferation, especially parenchymal cells, followed by dynamic changes in soluble mediators, blood cells, and the extracellular matrix.[5] The unique oral cavity environment shows advantages in accelerating wound healing compared with skin repair. This is due to differences in the response to inflammation, differentiation and proliferative programs, modulation of stem cells, collagen synthesis, the role of macrophages, and epithelial remodeling.[6,7] Collagen synthesis and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are important components during acute inflammation and responsible for a diverse range of signaling events within cells in the wound-healing process. Conclusions: A balanced combination of areca nut and chrysanthemum extract in the oral gel can optimize the healing of traumatic oral ulcers in rats through the increase of TNF-α and version 2 (revision)
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