Evaluation of Clinical Findings and Treatment Results of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Pediatric Cancer Patients: A Single Center Experience.

Orkun Tolunay,Ümit Çelik,Bugra Tutun,Ilknur Arslan,Merve Özkaya

doi:10.3389/fped.2022.848379

Orkun Tolunay, Ümit Çelik + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.848379

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Abstract

ObjectiveThe objective of the study is to evaluate the clinical findings and treatment results of COVID-19 in pediatric cancer patients.Study designThe study was designed as a single-center retrospective observational study. Pediatric cancer patients with COVID-19 admitted to the University of Health Sciences Adana City Training and Research Hospital pediatric COVID wards from October 2020 to October 2021 were included. Clinical data and demographic characteristics were retrieved from patient files.ResultsA total of 45 pediatric cancer patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 8.68 ± 5.16 years (range 1.5–17.5), 62.2% were men, 37.8% were Turkish citizens, and 62.2% were Syrian refugees. A total of 41 patients (91.1%) had leukemia/lymphoma, while 4 (8.9%) had solid tumors. The most common symptoms were fever (66.7%), respiratory (35.6%), and gastrointestinal symptoms (17.8%). Disease severity was evaluated as mild in 46.7%, moderate in 44.4%, and severe in 8.9% of patients. Patients presented with lymphopenia (88.9%), thrombocytopenia (73.3%), anemia (71.1%), and neutropenia (62.2%). Mean hospital length of stay was 15.18 ± 10.34 (range 6–62) days overall and 9.5 ± 2.39 (range 2 to 28) days in the PICU. Intensive care unit admission rate was 8.9%, and mortality rate was 4.4%. Median viral shedding period was 21 days (range 7–52).ConclusionsOur study reveals that the mortality rate, length of hospital stay, and the need for intensive care of pediatric cancer patients with COVID-19 are higher than those of healthy children. Prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to further evaluate the clinical findings and treatment results of COVID-19 in pediatric cancer patients.

Highlights

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected the whole world for the last 2 years
The World Health Organization–China Joint Mission reported that the mortality rate of COVID-19 in China was 3.8% overall, while this rate was 7.6% in patients with cancer [3, 4]
A total of 45 pediatric cancer patients with COVID-19 disease who were treated in our clinic were included in the study

Summary

Introduction

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected the whole world for the last 2 years. It has a profound impact on patients with advanced age and underlying diseases [1]. Pediatric cancer patients are both affected by COVID19 and face difficulty in receiving their treatment against cancer. Studies of the last 2 years have shown that COVID-19 progresses with a more severe course in cancer patients, and morbidity and mortality rates are higher [3]. The World Health Organization–China Joint Mission reported that the mortality rate of COVID-19 in China was 3.8% overall, while this rate was 7.6% in patients with cancer [3, 4]. Especially from high-income countries presenting a small sample size, suggest that pediatric cancer patients might not have a higher mortality due to SARS-CoV-2 infection [5, 6]

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