Evaluation of Clinical Characteristics and Biomarkers after Endovenous Foam Sclerotherapy for Venous Disorders

Suman Rathbun,Ryan Zander

doi:10.4172/2167-0870.1000263

Abstract

Objective: Endovenous foam sclerotherapy (EFS) is widely performed in the U.S, but there is a paucity of studies evaluating clinical predictors of outcomes, including biomarkers, in patients with venous disorders. Methods: Patients undergoing EFS monotherapy for venous disorders were enrolled. Evaluation at baseline, 1 week, 12 weeks, and 26 weeks included clinical characteristics and biomarker analysis. Results: 100 patients with venous disease were treated. At one week follow-up, 44% underwent a second injection. At 3 months, 100% of patients had obliteration of at least 80% of their affected veins, and 96% reported improved venous stasis symptoms. Adverse events were minor and deep vein thrombosis was found 4 patients at 3 months. D-dimer levels were significantly higher at week one, but returned to baseline by week 12; fibrin monomer decreased and PPL increased at one week and 3 months relative to baseline. Conclusion: EFS monotherapy is effective in treating signs and symptoms of venous disease with few adverse effects. D-dimer levels are significantly associated with obliteration of venous segments suggesting an association between vein obliteration and activation of coagulation.

Highlights

Varicose veins are the most common manifestation of chronic venous disease affecting 25-33% of adult women and 10-20% of adult men [1]
Varicose veins are associated with a number of serious complications including bleeding, superficial thrombophlebitis, deep-vein thrombosis and ulceration [2]
The study was a prospective cohort study of patients who presented with symptomatic varicose veins or venous disorders that underwent Endovenous foam sclerotherapy (EFS) over a 2 year period

Summary

Introduction

Varicose veins are the most common manifestation of chronic venous disease affecting 25-33% of adult women and 10-20% of adult men [1]. Varicose veins pose more than just a cosmetic problem. They produce symptoms of heaviness, fatigue, pain, swelling, restlessness, burning, and itching [2]. Varicose veins are associated with a number of serious complications including bleeding, superficial thrombophlebitis, deep-vein thrombosis and ulceration [2]. Treatment modalities for management of varicose veins include conservative measures (compression, diet, exercise, elevation, skin hygiene, medications), endovenous/interventional therapies (sclerotherapy via laser, radiofrequency ablation, or chemical), and surgical interventions (ligation, stripping, microphlebectomy) [2]. The advent of endovenous sclerotherapy (EFS) has revolutionized the treatment of varicose veins. EFS may be the most widely used procedure for the treatment of varicose veins

Methods

Results

Conclusion