Abstract
Abstract. Climate change raises important issues concerning hydrological engineering. The impact of climate change on important river basins should be investigated rigorously. Extreme temperature variability has a direct impact on the hydrological cycle, especially the evaporation component. In this paper, spatial and temporal patterns of changes in extreme temperatures were investigated using 10 meteorological stations' data for the period 1950–2018 in the Blue Nile Basin. Long-term trends in the Blue Nile Basin annual and monthly temperatures were investigated. The statistical significance of the trend was calculated by applying the Mann–Kendall (MK) test. The analysis of data was performed using the coefficient of variance and anomaly index. The results showed that the annual maximum and minimum temperatures were increasing significantly with a magnitude of 0.037 and 0.025 ∘C per decade respectively in the period from 1950 to 2018. The result of the Mann–Kendall analysis test revealed a marked increase in the mean maximum and minimum temperature trends over time during the study period (the minimum temperature rate is more evident than the maximum). The long-term anomalies of mean annual minimum temperature revealed the interannual variability while the trend after 1977 was higher than the long-term average, which is proof of the warming trend's existence during the last two decades of the 20th century.
Highlights
Climate change is perceived to affect the whole world and there has been, and still is, a growing concern about its trend and consequences
Many development projects are under construction currently in the Blue Nile River Basin (BNRB) without thorough, detailed climate change analysis
As a trans-boundary river basin, it attracts the attention of some neighboring countries
Summary
Climate change is perceived to affect the whole world and there has been, and still is, a growing concern about its trend and consequences. The Blue Nile River Basin (BNRB) is affected by climate change in temperature increases and rainfall decreases. Many development projects are under construction currently in the BNRB without thorough, detailed climate change analysis. These projects are essential for irrigation schemes, hydropower generation, and national economic growth. For sound management and planning of water resources, it is important to predict the climate change and variability of crucial metrological factors such as temperature and precipitation (Tamiru, 2011). Temperature and precipitation directly affect the hydrology of the basin (Sobhy et al, 2019) Since temperature affects both evaporation and evapotranspiration, and precipitation is the source of runoff, so the study of these factors is very important in water resources management. It is decided to explore the impact of climate change on temperature, and in a forthcoming paper the impact on rainfall will be studied
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