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Abstract
BackgroundColon cancer is one of the most common malignancies and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. Colibactin, which is synthesized by the pks genomic island of E. coli interfere with the eukaryotic cell cycle. Cinnamon has an antimicrobial effect and considered as a colon cancer-preventing agent. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of cinnamon extract and cinnamaldehyde on clbB gene expression and biofilm formation in clinical isolates of E. coli.MethodsThirty E. coli carrying pks gene were isolated from the colon cancer patients, inflammatory bowel disease and healthy subjects. Antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by disk diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration of cinnamon essential oil and cinnamaldehyde by microdilution broth method. In vitro biofilm formation of E.coli isolates was monitored using a microtiter plate method. The presence of clbB, clbA and clbQ genes in E.coli isolates were evaluated by PCR. The effect of cinnamaldehyde and cinnamon essential oil on clbB gene expression was evaluated by Real-Time PCR.ResultsThe highest antibiotic resistance was obtained with 94.4% for ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, azithromycin, amoxicillin, and amikacin. The MIC for all clinical isolates was 32 μl/ml of cinnamon essential oil and the MIC of cinnamaldehyde was between 0.00002 to 0.03 μl/ml. After exposure of isolates to cinnamon extract and cinnamaldehyde, 40 and 13.3% were weakly biofilm producers, respectively. The frequencies of clbB, clbA, and clbQ genes were 23.3, 23.3, and 26.7%, respectively. The expression of clbB gene in the presence of the Sub-MIC concentration of cinnamon essential oil and cinnamaldehyde was decreased in 8 isolates compared to untreated isolates (p-value < 0.05).ConclusionsThe antibacterial activity of cinnamaldehyde and cinnamon essential oil allows the use of these herbal compounds for treatment or supplements in infections caused by E. coli and in patients with suspected colorectal cancer.
Highlights
Colon cancer is one of the most common malignancies and the fourth leading cause of cancerrelated mortality in the world
Colibactin is a peptide encoded by the pks genomic islands, causing DNA double-strand breaks and chromosomal instability in human cells
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cinnamon and its essential oil (Cinnamaldehyde) on pks gene expression and microbial biofilm formation of E.coli strains isolated from colon cancer patients, inflammatory bowel disease and healthy subjects
Summary
Colon cancer is one of the most common malignancies and the fourth leading cause of cancerrelated mortality in the world. Colibactin, which is synthesized by the pks genomic island of E. coli interfere with the eukaryotic cell cycle. The rate of attachment of E. coli to intestinal mucus is increased in the ileum and colon [3, 4]. These patients have high levels of E. coli belong to B2 phylogroup, which induces more expression of CEACAM6, a cancer marker, in the intestinal epithelial cells and intensifies the inflammation [5]. Pathogenic E. coli strains synthesize various virulence factors, including several toxins called cyclomodulins such as cytolethal distending toxins (CDT), cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNF), cycle inhibiting factor, and colibactin. The efficacy of colibactin and its expression requires bacterial contact with the host cell [8]
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