Abstract
The experiment explores vegetable oils as potential future fuels for internal combustion engines, particularly compression ignition engines designed for diesel. However, these oils have distinct properties from diesel, requiring modifications for direct use. Integration approaches include adjusting oil properties or adapting engines. Commonly, transesterification aligns oil properties, but using biodiesel often affects engine performance. In this study palm oil biodiesel as a diesel substitute, evaluating engine performance and emissions. In a short-term test, engine performance and emission traits by employing biodiesel compression ratio of 12:1, 14:1 and 18:1 with diesel at full load. Findings indicated that 14:1 and 18:1 exhibited 1.01 % and 1.02 % higher brake power than pure diesel. Volumetric efficiency percentages were 82.33 for 14:1, 82.36 for 18:1, and 82.30 for 12:1. Notably, 14:1 and 18:1 showed 5.44% and 10.90 % increased brake thermal efficiency compared to diesel. Interestingly, 14:1 and 18:1 displayed 2.35 % and 2.61 % higher mechanical efficiency than diesel. The exhaust gas temperature was notably decreased in 12:1 to 18:1 compression ratio. Nitric oxide concentrations were 65.07 ppm for 12:1, 124.44 ppm for 14:1, and 126.48 ppm for 18:1. Carbon dioxide levels increased by 9.79 % for 14:1 and 62.47 % for 18:1 relative to diesel. Carbon monoxide concentrations were 0.07 % for 14:1 and 0.05% for 18:1, in contrast to diesel's 0.12%.
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