Abstract
Objectives The objective of the study is to evaluate the chondroprotective activity of Channa striatus (Channa) and glucosamine sulphate (glucosamine) on histomorphometric examinations, serum biomarker, and inflammatory mediators in experimental osteoarthritis (OA) rabbit model. Design Anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) was performed to induce OA in thirty-three male New Zealand white rabbits and were randomly divided into three groups: Channa, glucosamine, and control group. The control group received drinking water and the Channa and glucosamine groups were orally administered with 51.4 mg/kg of Channa extract and 77.5 mg/kg of glucosamine sulphate in drinking water, respectively, for eight weeks and then sacrificed. The articular cartilage was evaluated macroscopically and histologically using semiquantitative and quantitative methods. Serum cartilage oligomeric matric protein (COMP), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) enzyme, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were also determined. Results Macroscopic analysis revealed that Channa group have a significantly lower severity grade of total macroscopic score compared to the control (p < 0.001) and glucosamine (p < 0.05) groups. Semiquantitative histology scoring showed that both Channa and glucosamine groups had lower severity grading of total histology score compared to the control group (p < 0.001). In comparison with the control, Channa group had lower histopathological changes in three compartments of the joint compared to glucosamine group which had lower histological scoring in two compartments only. The cartilage thickness, area, and roughness of both Channa (p < 0.05) and glucosamine (p < 0.05) groups were superior compared to the control group. However, the Channa group demonstrated significantly less cartilage roughness compared to the glucosamine group (p < 0.05). Serum COMP levels were lower in both Channa (p < 0.05) and glucosamine (p < 0.05) groups compared to the control group. Conclusion Both oral administration of Channa extract and glucosamine exhibited chondroprotective action on an ACLT OA-induced rabbit model. However, Channa was superior to glucosamine in maintaining the structure of the cartilage.
Highlights
The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (OA) is expected to increase globally due to the rising increments of an aging population and obesity [1]
In vivo studies using a rabbit OA model showed that there was a reduction of the soft tissue swelling of the joint and it reduced the density of the protein gene product (PGP) 9.5-immunoreactive nerve fibres in the synovial membrane of the Channa striatus (Channa)-treated group compared with the control [11]
In another animal study using rats induced with OA, the levels of serum prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were significantly reduced in the Channa-treated animals compared to the rats treated with celecoxib [12]
Summary
The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (OA) is expected to increase globally due to the rising increments of an aging population and obesity [1]. In vivo studies using a rabbit OA model showed that there was a reduction of the soft tissue swelling of the joint and it reduced the density of the protein gene product (PGP) 9.5-immunoreactive nerve fibres in the synovial membrane of the Channa-treated group compared with the control [11]. In another animal study using rats induced with OA, the levels of serum prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were significantly reduced in the Channa-treated animals compared to the rats treated with celecoxib (a group of COX-2 inhibitors) [12]
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