Abstract
AimThe goal of the study was to detect the presence of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and MIP-1β and to estimate their levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of children with Down syndrome.Materials and methodsMIP-1α and MIP-1β levels were estimated in GCF samples of 20 healthy and 20 Down syndrome individuals. Gingival status was assessed by measuring the gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), clinical attachment level (CAL), and probing pocket depth (PPD).The GCF samples were obtained from the subjects and MIP-1α and MIP-1β levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsThe mean MIP-1α concentrations in healthy and Down syndrome individuals were 209 and 1411 pg/μL respectively, and MIP-1α levels were 342 and 1404 pg/μL respectively.The levels of MIP-1α and MIP-1β in the GCF of subjects with Down syndrome were significantly higher than in the healthy individual, and statistically significant differences were present among the two groups.ConclusionThe GCF showed dynamic changes according to the severity of periodontal disease, and the levels of MIP-1α and MIP-1β had a strong relationship with clinical parameters. The MIP-1α and MIP-1β can therefore be considered as novel biomarkers in the biological mechanism underlying the patho-genesis of periodontal disease.How to cite this article: Reddy VK, Kommineni NK, Padakandla P, Togaru H, Indupalli JP, Nanga SP. Evaluation of Chemokines in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Children with Down Syndrome. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(4):288-293.
Highlights
Down syndrome occurs when there is an extra copy of chromosome 21 and is characterized by the under development of mid-facial region, malocclusions, such as mandibular protrusion, open bite, and posterior crossbite as a consequence,[1] and increased periodontal disease.These individuals have more extensive gingival inflammation and earlier signs of alveolar bone loss, which is mainly localized around incisors in the lower front region.[2]
The levels of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and MIP-1β in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of subjects with Down syndrome were significantly higher than in the healthy individual, and statistically significant differences were present among the two groups
The GCF showed dynamic changes according to the severity of periodontal disease, and the levels of MIP-1α and MIP-1β had a strong relationship with clinical parameters
Summary
Down syndrome occurs when there is an extra copy of chromosome 21 and is characterized by the under development of mid-facial region, malocclusions, such as mandibular protrusion, open bite, and posterior crossbite as a consequence,[1] and increased periodontal disease These individuals have more extensive gingival inflammation and earlier signs of alveolar bone loss, which is mainly localized around incisors in the lower front region.[2] The prevalence of periodontal disease in Down syndrome persons varies depending on where they reside, with a higher prevalence in subjects residing in institutions as compared with those residing at home.[3] Individuals with Down syndrome show colonization by various microorganisms that are in association with periodontal disease observed in early childhood. Macrophage inflammatory protein 1α is a cysteine–cysteine (CC) chemokine that was first identified in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated monocytic cell line
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