Evaluation of Characterized Depressive Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Study of 79 Cases

Abstract

Depression in children and adolescents is a major mental health concern, being the leading cause of illness and disability in children over ten years old. It increases the risk of suicide, affects education, social interactions, and contributes to obesity, tobacco, and substance use. The aim of this study was to highlight the sociodemographic and clinical profile of depression in young individuals, identify risk factors, and discuss appropriate therapeutic options. We conducted a retrospective descriptive and analytical study, using a questionnaire completed jointly by children with characterized depressive disorder and their parents. The study included 79 participants. Statistical analysis was performed using Jamovi version 2.3.21.0 and Microsoft Excel 2021. We found a predominance of females, with an average age of 13.5 years. Antecedents of self-harm and family history of psychiatric disorders were risk factors for suicidal ideation. Common symptoms included sleep disturbances (89.9%), irritability (83.5%), and mood sadness (70.9%). Depression had a significant impact, with 88.6% experiencing social withdrawal and 81% showing decreased school engagement, reflecting the multidimensional effects of depression. Pharmacotherapy was used in 82.3% of cases. However, therapeutic adherence was only good in 60.4% of cases. In summary, this study provides crucial insights into the characteristics, risk factors, and treatments of depression in young individuals within a specific hospital setting. It reinforces knowledge while emphasizing the importance of early and personalized intervention to counteract negative consequences during this critical age.