Abstract
Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a bio-intensive IPM modules including organic nutrients and botanicals against Spodoptera litura on black gram. The results revealed that combined application of neem cake, installation of pheromone traps, and growing castor as trap crop was found to be effective in reducing the larval population of S. litura (module-3) as compared to untreated check. The highest seed yield of 874 kg/ha and 898 kg/ha was recorded in this module (M-III) with BCR of 1:2.81 and 1:2.70 during kharif 2017 and rabi 2018, respectively followed by module-4.
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