Evaluation of Cerebral Blood Flow Alterations and Acute Neuronal Damage due to the Water Pipe Smoking

Onur Karakayalı,Serkan Yılmaz,Uygar Utku

doi:10.4274/balkanmedj.2018.0704

Abstract

Evaluation of Cerebral Blood Flow Alterations and Acute Neuronal Damage due to the Water Pipe Smoking

Highlights

Water-pipe smoking is a great public health problem, data regarding the acute and chronic effects and the degree of toxin exposure are limited
An increase was determined in peak, and median middle, anterior and posterior cerebral artery blood flow rates, and a decrease was determined in both the pulsatility index and resistivity index values after water-pipe smoking using transcranial Doppler ultrasound
Cerebral vasodilation develops due to the increase in cerebral blood flow rate and the decrease in pulsatility index, resistivity index values, and the elevation in carboxyhemoglobin, S100 calcium binding protein level indicates that water-pipe smoking leads to neuronal damage in the acute period

Summary

Methods

Vital signs and baseline carboxyhemoglobin and S100 calcium binding protein levels, cerebral flood changes with transcranial Doppler ultrasound were evaluated and recorded before and after water-pipe smoking. This prospective observational study was conducted with healthy volunteers at a hookah café. Written and verbal informed consent was obtained from all participants before the study. No pressure was placed on participants for water-pipe smoking; the potentially harmful effects of water-pipe smoking were explained verbally and in written form. Volunteers were excluded from the study if they were under 18 years of age; were pregnant; had coronary artery disease or disorders that could affect the cerebral blood flow such as ischemic stroke, A-V malformation, history of meningitis, or central nervous system disease; had a history of intracranial surgery; currently used antiarrhythmic, anti-hypertensive, anti-epileptic, or hypnotic-sedative drugs; had a history of alcohol, narcotic or substance use; smoked a water pipe for shorter than 45 min.; had a history of water-pipe smoking during the last 24 hours; or did not agree to participate were excluded from the study

Results

Discussion

Conclusion