Abstract
Wound healing (WH) proceeds through four distinct phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Impaired WH may be the consequence of the alteration of one of these phases and represents a significant health and economic burden to millions of individuals. Thus, new therapeutic strategies are the topics of intense research worldwide. Although radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) has many medical applications in rehabilitation, pain associated with musculoskeletal disorders, and degenerative joint disorders, its impact on WH is not fully understood. The process of WH begins just after injury and continues during the inflammatory and proliferative phases. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms by which RF-EMF can improve WH is required before it can be used as a non-invasive, inexpensive, and easily self-applicable therapeutic strategy. Thus, the aim of this study is to explore the therapeutic potential of different exposure setups of RF-EMF to drive faster healing, evaluating the keratinocytes migration, cytokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression. The results showed that RF-EMF treatment promotes keratinocytes’ migration and regulates the expression of genes involved in healing, such as MMPs, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, and pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines, to improve WH.
Highlights
Published: 17 February 2022Most cutaneous lesions resolve through a progression of different phases including hemostatic, inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases, taking one to two weeks to heal
After 30 min exposure, 6 h without exposure, and another 30 min of exposure (Protocol A) we observed a significant increase of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and transformingfactor growth factorgene (TGF)β gene expression, and their higher expression was degrowth (TGF)β expression, and their higher expression was detected after after 6 h of exposure
Oneofofthem them is the keratinocytes, which keyin role in response early response to wounding and release of proinflammatory cytokines that are important for initiating the healing response and during the re-epithelialization phase
Summary
Most cutaneous lesions resolve through a progression of different phases including hemostatic, inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases, taking one to two weeks to heal. This time is prolonged in chronic wounds, which do not progress systematically through the healing phases [1]. In chronic wounds, various host microbes colonize and multiply within the unhealed tissue, further contributing to impaired healing [3]. For the proper progression of wound healing (WH) phases, once the critical point is reached, the current phase must have the ability to turn itself off and promote the phase. The mechanism by which different phases inhibit and promote each other is through the expression of soluble mediators, such as cytokines and degradative matrix
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