Abstract
The most sensitive cell culture system for the isolation of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is primary bovine thyroid (BTY) cells. However, BTY cells are seldom used because of the challenges associated with sourcing thyroids from FMDV-negative calves (particularly in FMD endemic countries), and the costs and time required to regularly prepare batches of cells. Two continuous cell lines, a fetal goat tongue cell line (ZZ-R 127) and a fetal porcine kidney cell line (LFBK-αVβ6), have been shown to be highly sensitive to FMDV. Here, we assessed the sensitivity of ZZ-R 127 and LFBK-αVβ6 cells relative to primary BTY cells by titrating a range of FMDV original samples and isolates. Both the ZZ-R 127 and LFBK-αVβ6 cells were susceptible to FMDV for >100 passages, and there were no significant differences in sensitivity relative to primary BTY cells. Notably, the LFBK-αVβ6 cell line was highly sensitive to the O/CATHAY porcine-adapted FMDV strain. These results support the use of ZZ-R 127 and LFBK-αVβ6 as sensitive alternatives to BTY cells for the isolation of FMDV, and highlight the use of LFBK-αVβ6 cells as an additional tool for the isolation of porcinophilic viruses.
Highlights
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals, which results in widespread economic burden [1]
Over a 19-month period, weekly titrations were performed on bovine thyroid (BTY), IB-RS-2, ZZ-R 127, and/or LFBK-αVβ6 cells using Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) A/IRN/24/2012 (Figure 1) or O/KUW/4/2016 (Figure 2) epithelium suspensions; not all cell types were available each week, resulting in minor gaps in testing
The LFBK-αVβ6 and ZZ-R 127 cell lines remained sensitive to FMDV for >100 passages, the LFBK-αVβ6 cells underwent senescence at passage 105 and the batch of cells were replaced
Summary
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals, which results in widespread economic burden [1]. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV; family Picornaviridae, genus Aphthovirus) is the causative agent, and there are seven different serotypes [O, A, C, Asia 1, Southern African Territories (SAT) 1, SAT 2, and SAT 3; [3]], with many different topotypes within each serotype [4]. Virus isolation using susceptible cell cultures is beneficial for the amplification of virus for downstream diagnostic tests, including FMD serotyping by antigen enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [5] and sequencing of the VP1 region of the genome [6]. Control of FMD through vaccination is complicated by limited cross serotype/topotype immunity and vaccine matching field isolates using susceptible cell lines is an essential tool for appropriate vaccine selection [7]
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