Evaluation of CBC in Different Vaccines Types of COVID-19

Abstract

In December 2019, Wuhan reported its first cases of pneumonia which called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a single-stranded RNA virus. COVID-19 vaccine is a safe way to help the immune system build defenses against COVID-19. The immune system relies on various types of cells, such as Lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and other immune cells to fight infections. The aim of the study is to the assessment of blood parameters in different vaccinated groups of COVID-19 vaccines. We collected 100 samples from individuals that vaccinated with AstraZeneca, Sinopharm, and Pfizer vaccines and unvaccinated (infected), which were divided into four groups, each containing 25 samples, and did a CBC test. The study results indicate that different COVID-19 vaccines and natural immunization result in diverse immune responses in males and females. In males, the Sinopharm vaccine stimulates higher white blood cell count (7.11±0.44s) with a significant difference (p<0.05), while the AstraZeneca vaccine triggers greater lymphocyte (LYM%) activation (34.3±0.99) with a significant difference (p<0.05) than others covid19 vaccines. Natural immunization leads to increased monocyte (MON%) levels (8.34±0.69) with a significant difference (p<0.05) compared to covid19 vaccines in which the Sinopharm vaccine (6.96±0.49) shows significantly lower monocyte activation. The Pfizer and Sinopharm vaccines induce higher granulocyte (GRA%) activation (60.34±1.88 and 60.28±1.63, respectively) with a significant difference (p<0.05), while natural immunization (55.87±3.8) shows lower activation compared to covid19 vaccines with a significant difference (p<0.05). While in females, The AstraZeneca, Sinopharm vaccines, and natural immunization (6.1±0.5, 6.89±0.68, and 6.26±0.52, respectively) had the higher white blood cell (WBC) number with no significant difference(p>0.05) among them, while the Pfizer vaccine (5.7±0.36) had the lower WBC with a significant difference (p<0.05). The AstraZeneca vaccine had higher lymphocytes (LYM%) (36.14±1.25) with a significant difference (p<0.05), while the Sinopharm vaccine had significantly lower (29.85±3.62). Natural immunization had a significantly higher MON% (8.11±1.28a) with (p<0.05) compared to covid19 vaccines (with no significant difference among them), while the Sinopharm vaccine showed a higher in both GRA% and GRA number (64.38±3.88 and 4.52±0.57, respectively) with a significant difference (p<0.05). In conclusion, the AstraZeneca vaccine elevated the lymphocytes (LYM%) while natural immunization increased (MON%) in both genders. The study also reveals that males and females exhibit varied immune responses to different COVID-19 vaccines and natural immunization, and these variations may be attributed to vaccine composition, mechanisms of action, immune response variability, and timing of the research.