Abstract
The total conversion and the oil yield in liquefaction tests of iron ion-exchanged Black Thunder coal were found to increase by up to 23 and 18 %, respectively, relative to the untreated coal. The ion-exchanged coal samples were prepared by stirring a slurry mixture of the coal and ferric acetate [Fe(OOCCH 3 ) 3 ] ina 10-L fermenter. The ion-exchange process, in which iron was exchanged primarily for calcium and magnesium, yielded a highly dispersed catalytic iron species for coal liquefaction. 57 Fe Mossbauer and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopies and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) X-ray mapping were used to characterize this iron species after the ion-exchange process. The results indicate that the added iron is present in bimodal form
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