Abstract
ABSTRACTObjective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of preventive strategies on caries risk reduction in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, using the Cariogram program. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, samples were selected using a convenience quota sampling technique, in a public dental school. At first, caries risk profile was determined for each subject using the Cariogram before brackets bonding. The sample size consisted of 36 patients. The intervention group (n = 18) received preventive programs, and the control group (n = 18) was trained based on the routine oral health education by means of pamphlets. Then, Cariogram parameters were calculated for patients in both groups after six months. Results: The age range of participants was from 12 to 29 years. The mean percentage of the “Actual chance of avoiding new cavities” section in the intervention group increased from 45.72 ± 21.64 to 62.50 ± 17.64. However, the mean percentage of other parameters - such as “Diet”, “Bacteria” and “Susceptibility” - decreased after six months (p< 0.001). Besides, the differences in the mean percentage between intervention and control group at the end of the study period (T1) related to the Cariogram parameters were statistically significant (p< 0.001). Accordingly, the mean percentage of ‘Actual chance of avoiding new cavities’’ parameter in the intervention group (62.50) was statistically higher than in the control group (42.44) (p< 0.001). Conclusion: Implementing different preventive approaches is able to reduce the caries risk in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment, which can be clearly demonstrated using Cariogram program.
Highlights
Oral cavity is the habitat of various bacterial species, mycoplasma, protozoa, and yeasts, and any external interference can disturb the balance of microbiota in this environment.[1]
The intervention group included 7 males and 11 females, and the control group consisted of 8 males and 10 females
The various caries-related factors of Cariogram that were compared between the two groups at the beginning of treatment and after six months are shown in Table 2 and Figure 2
Summary
Oral cavity is the habitat of various bacterial species, mycoplasma, protozoa, and yeasts, and any external interference can disturb the balance of microbiota in this environment.[1] The traditional concept of caries as a multifactorial transmittable and infectious disease has been questioned. The current etiological concept of dental caries has emphasized the important role of sugars in caries. The current definition points toward an ecological disease caused by the commensal microbiota that, under ecological imbalances, mainly due to high and or frequent sugars consumption, creates a state of dysbiosis in the dental biofilm. It is currently accepted that caries is a sugars and biofilm-dependent disease. Salivary flow, fluoride exposure, plaque accumulation, tooth morphology and structure would create more favorable or adverse conditions for the causal relation between sugars and the dental biofilm to induce carious lesions.[2]
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