Abstract
This pilot study aims to compare cardiorespiratory parameters in female dogs that underwent either laparoscopic or open elective gonadectomy with spontaneous ventilation anaesthesia. Records of 77 client-owned female dogs were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups: laparoscopic surgery (L group, n 47) and open abdominal surgery (O group, n 30). The end-tidal carbon dioxide, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, heart rate, non-invasive arterial blood pressure and length of procedure were recorded and statistically evaluated. Once normality of the sample data has been assessed, equality between the groups was analysed with two-sample Student’s or Welch’s t-test, whether the hypothesis of variance equality, through an F-test, was verified or not. A value of p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. No statistically significant difference was found between groups regarding the end-tidal carbon dioxide, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, heart rate, systolic and medium arterial pressure values. Mean diastolic pressure was lower in the L group. The procedure length between the two groups was statistically different: laparoscopy was shorter than open surgery. In spontaneously ventilating female dogs, the cardiorespiratory parameters evaluated seem not to be affected by the presence of pneumoperitoneum when intrabdominal pressure is kept between 8 and 10 mmHg. The pilot nature of the study and the shorter laparoscopic surgery length could bias these results. However, in the author’s opinion, these findings confirm the interest of laparoscopy and the small impact of this mini-invasive technique in healthy patients.
Highlights
Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical technique that has become widespread in veterinary and human medicine
Values of the considered variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation
Among the cardiorespiratory parameters of this study, only diastolic arterial pressure showed a significant decrease in the L group (p-value 1.89)
Summary
Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical technique that has become widespread in veterinary and human medicine. The advantages of laparoscopic surgery compared to conventional laparotomy are well described These include smaller incisions, less postoperative pain, better cosmetic outcome and reduced risk of infection[1,2,3]. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is commonly used to insufflate the abdominal cavity (so-called capnoperitoneum or pneumoperitoneum)[4] The characteristic of this gas namely – non-flammable, soluble and cost-effective – make it deal for this purpose. Standard of care in veterinary medicine indicates that a safe value for IAP is ≤ 15 mmHg14 The purpose of this pilot study is to compare cardiorespiratory parameters, i.e. end-tidal carbon dioxide, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, heart rate, non-invasive arterial blood pressure, and length of procedure, with a primary interest in end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) in female dogs that underwent gonadectomy by either laparoscopy or laparotomy during spontaneous ventilation.
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