Abstract
The increasing pollution in most industrialized area is a really attention seeking issue now a days. Air pollution caused by vehicular smoke contains handsome percentages of heavy metals like cadmium. Cadmium like other heavy metals accumulated in the bodies of living systems found around roads. Among the living system cadmium accumulate up to alarming rate like in soil, plants and animals. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to evaluate the possible risk of the Cadmium on the soil, forage and buffalos. The study was done in the area of Sargodha district, Punjab, Pakistan. There were six sites selected for study on accumulation of Cd in the forages, soil and the Buffalo blood. The Cd content in soil samples was highest in sample collected from site III. The Cd content was highest in the forage sample collected from site IV and in the blood samples, and the bioaccumulation factor was highest in the samples collected from site V. The positive and non-significant correlation was found when soil and forage was correlated, unlike the correlation found between blood and forage which was found negative non-significant. The samples from site III showed high daily intake of metals, health risk index, and pollution load index. This study will bring attention towards the development of the strategies in order to be safe from the toxic effects of cadmium.
Highlights
The concerning topic now-a-days is the heavy metal toxicity in the living environment
This study aims at determining heavy metal concentrations in the automobile contaminated soil, forage and buffalo blood plasma
Cd content in soil samples at six sites of sampling was as: site III>site II>site VI>site I>site IV>site V (Table 2, Figure 1).The mean value of Cd as found in soil samples of present study was higher than the concentration of Cd-0.28 as reported by [14].While no considerable difference in Cd content was found between the Cd content in the forage samples of Sargodha and in the study done by [15]
Summary
The concerning topic now-a-days is the heavy metal toxicity in the living environment. The heavy metals are toxic to animals, plants and humans. In cities there are various sources of heavy metals by which these move to the sinks. Among the sources of heavy metals in top layer of soil, the automobile smoke is very important [1]. The pipes, wires and tires are the major source of heavy metals like Zn, Cu and Fe, which are added to environment by mechanical abrasion [2]. The sources of heavy metals like automobile smoke in air get precipitated on soil [3]. The heavy metals are referred to the elements which persist in the aquatic and terrestrial environment and are non-biodegradable species. This study aims at determining heavy metal concentrations in the automobile contaminated soil, forage and buffalo blood plasma
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