Evaluation of breeding material of awnless rump (Bromus inermis Leyss.) For productivity in agrophytocenoses mixed with alfalfa

Abstract

In recent decades, the tendency of climate aridization has been increasing in the main agricultural regions. This has a negative impact on the productivity of agricultural crops. In this regard, an important task is to identify the most tolerant to changing conditions species and varieties of forage grasses with the most adaptive potential, the cultivation of which will make it possible to compensate for extreme manifestations of climatic changes. Awless rump (Bromus inermis Leyss) is one of the most widespread and long-term forage perennial grasses that grow in almost all areas where grasses are possible. This crop can be used in fodder production for hay and pasture use, as well as hay and bulky canned fodder. However, the forage productivity of awnless rump has increased insignificantly over the past 50 years, which is explained by insufficient selection. Traditionally, the breeding and evaluation of new varieties of rump was previously carried out in its single-species crops. To increase the efficiency of the economic use of herbs, it is necessary to reorient breeding programs to develop new highly productive varieties with increased resistance to a complex of factors of biotic, abiotic and operational stress. Phytocenotic breeding is an important aspect of the biogeocenotic approach to the breeding of awnless rump. Creation of a new starting material of rump, with increased phytocenotic plasticity, will significantly increase the productivity of grass mixtures based on this culture. As a result of selection work, samples with high complementarity were obtained in grass mixtures with alfalfa varia (Martyn) Arcang.)