Abstract
Objective Osteoporosis (OP) is a worldwide ailment; we aim to establish new biomarkers in diagnosis by determining the levels of serum osteocalcin and osteopontin along with bone mineral density (BMD) and lumbar T-score, in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with or without OP. Methods This observational study included 160 postmenopausal women who were an attendee at outpatient clinics in Al-Hussein Hospital, Thi-Qar province; subdivided into 3 groups based on their T-score testing: Group I (n = 40) comprised postmenopausal women without T2DM as controls, Group II (n = 60) comprised postmenopausal women with T2DM but without OP, and Group III (n = 60) comprised postmenopausal women with T2DM with OP. The dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure the BMD (total body, lumbar spine, and femoral) and T-score for lumbar spine and femoral. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), osteocalcin, and osteopontin levels were assessed in all three groups. Results Compared with controls, Group III demonstrated significantly lower BMD (total body, lumbar spine, and femoral), T-score for lumbar spine and femoral, serum osteocalcin, and osteopontin levels than Group II and Group I (P < 0.001). FBG and HbA1c levels were significantly higher in Group III than in Groups I and II (P < 0.001). A negative correlation was proved between HbA1c levels with BMD, osteocalcin levels, and osteopontin levels in the three groups. Conclusions Iraqi postmenopausal women with T2DM had a significantly lower bone mineral density, serum osteocalcin, and osteopontin levels. These results may serve as adjuvants in screening for OP, particularly among diabetic patients.
Highlights
Osteoporosis (OP) is a common bone illness that affects people worldwide and is characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and deteriorated bone tissues, making the bones fragile [1, 2]
T-score value of 0 to 1 was regarded as normal BMD, −1 to −2.5 was considered as osteopenia, and ≤−2.5 was estimated as OP [15]. e participants in this study were divided into 3 groups: Group I, 40 postmenopausal women as controls; Group II, 60 postmenopausal women with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (DM) (T2DM) but without OP; and Group III, 60 postmenopausal women with T2DM with OP based on their T-score
Serum fasting blood glucose (FBG) concentration was estimated according to the Copper assay kit (Randox, England) by using the spectrophotometer. e precipitate was evaluated by measuring the red and the blue color intensity with the NycoCard Reader (Axis-Shield Co., Norway)
Summary
Osteoporosis (OP) is a worldwide ailment; we aim to establish new biomarkers in diagnosis by determining the levels of serum osteocalcin and osteopontin along with bone mineral density (BMD) and lumbar T-score, in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with or without OP. E dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure the BMD (total body, lumbar spine, and femoral) and T-score for lumbar spine and femoral. Group III demonstrated significantly lower BMD (total body, lumbar spine, and femoral), T-score for lumbar spine and femoral, serum osteocalcin, and osteopontin levels than Group II and Group I (P < 0.001). FBG and HbA1c levels were significantly higher in Group III than in Groups I and II (P < 0.001). Iraqi postmenopausal women with T2DM had a significantly lower bone mineral density, serum osteocalcin, and osteopontin levels. Iraqi postmenopausal women with T2DM had a significantly lower bone mineral density, serum osteocalcin, and osteopontin levels. ese results may serve as adjuvants in screening for OP, among diabetic patients
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