Abstract
Chip seal bleeding is influenced by many factors, including design inputs, material properties, and project-specific conditions. It reduces the surface texture of the pavement and thus compromises the safety of the traveling public. Even though factors that bring about premature bleeding are known, currently, no laboratory test methods for evaluating bleeding in chip seals have been specified. The objective of this paper is to present the results of an investigation of the influence factors of asphalt emulsion residue properties measured by the ASTM D7405 multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) test, as well as other factors related to chip seal bleeding resistance as measured by the modified loaded wheel test (MLWT). In this study, the MSCR test was used as a tool for evaluating the performance of asphalt emulsions because it has been identified as a potential test related to bleeding in the field. In addition, MLWT was selected as a tool for evaluating chip seal bleeding performance in the laboratory. The results of the MLWT showed that the emulsion application rate (EAR), aggregate gradation, and emulsion properties were significant factors affecting bleeding. The MSCR test was found to be a promising tool for the performance evaluation of asphalt emulsion residue, as the test was able to differentiate between emulsion chemistries and modifications in terms of sensitivity to both temperature and stress. In relation to chip seal bleeding resistance, only the creep compliance (Jnr) obtained from the MSCR test results was identified as a significant property affecting potential for bleeding.
Highlights
Chip seals are placed on a variety of roadways, including those with low and high traffic volumes, where low volume is defined as those with average daily traffic (ADT) less than 5000 and high volume is defined as those with more than 20,000 ADT
The bleeding performance of chip seals relies on many factors, including climatic conditions, traffic volume and type, aggregate properties, asphalt emulsion properties, emulsion application rate (EAR), and existing pavement surface
We investigated the influence factors of asphalt emulsion residue properties, and other factors related to chip seal bleeding resistance were measured by the modified loaded wheel test (MLWT)
Summary
Chip seals are placed on a variety of roadways, including those with low and high traffic volumes, where low volume is defined as those with average daily traffic (ADT) less than 5000 and high volume is defined as those with more than 20,000 ADT. The bleeding performance of chip seals relies on many factors, including climatic conditions, traffic volume and type, aggregate properties, asphalt emulsion properties, emulsion application rate (EAR), and existing pavement surface. The application rate must be correct during construction in order to achieve optimum performance of the chip seal; if the emulsion application is excessively low, it will not retain chips in place under traffic and cause raveling, while if it is excessively high, bleeding in hot weather will occur, resulting in a loss of friction. Employed the MSCR test and G*/sinδ to assess the bleeding resistance of residual asphalt emulsions at high-temperature performance grades. We investigated the influence factors of asphalt emulsion residue properties, and other factors related to chip seal bleeding resistance were measured by the MLWT
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