Abstract
Infectious Bronchitis (IB) is currently one of the most important diseases in poultry flocks all over the world causes huge economic losses in poultry industry. Many IBV outbreaks associated with respiratory distress, nephropathy, and high mortalities were attributed to the circulation of new nephropathogenic IBV variant 2 strains. This study was conducted to development of bivalent inactivated IBV vaccine by using the local classical and variant isolates (KP279995/2014 and KP279998/2014 respectively) which isolated from poultry farms in Egypt as previous surveillance study during IBV outbreak from Al-Sharkia and Al-Qalubia governorates. The locally prepared vaccine formulated by using formalin for inactivation and MontanideTM ISA71 RVG as oil adjuvant. The prepared bivalent inactivated (IBV) vaccine was tested for sterility, safety and potency, the efficacy of the prepared vaccine was applied in specific pathogen free chicks (SPF) for monitoring the antibody titers by using of Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) post vaccination with estimation of shedding parameters by Real-Time RT-PCR in challenging birds with 104.5EID50/dose challenge IBV strains (classical and/or variant). The results revealed that the prepared vaccine free from any bacterial or mycotic contamination also safe after double dose inoculation in SPF chicks. The efficacy of inactivated vaccine showed from 92% to 96% protection against homologous challenge based on assessment parameters. This confirms that poultry industry can be protected from IB disease if using locally isolates in preparing of inactivated vaccine which reduce the economic losses caused by IB infection viruses in Egypt.
Highlights
The prepared bivalent inactivated (IBV) vaccine was tested for sterility, safety and potency, the efficacy of the prepared vaccine was applied in specific pathogen free chicks (SPF) for monitoring the antibody titers by using of Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) post vaccination with estimation of shedding parameters by Real-Time RT-PCR in challenging birds with 104.5EID50/dose challenge infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains
IBV was proved to be completely inactivated as indicated by absence of any pathological lesions, and/or deaths of inoculated embryos being inoculated in 9 days old, SPF-ECEs through the allantoic sac and candled daily for 6 days
Results of potency test Monitoring of serum antibody titer in chicks vaccinated with inactivated bivalent IBV vaccine using ELISA test: In order to estimate the antibody titers in chicken groups vaccinated with inactivated bivalent Infectious Bronchitis (IB) vaccine, ELISA test was used
Summary
The avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly contagious pathogen of commercial chickens major structural proteins (spike (S), envelope (E), membrane glycoprotein (M) involved in virion formation and a protein involved in genome packaging nucleocapsid (N) (Cavanagh, 2007) .with a predilection for the upper respiratory tract and it cause reduction in production, in addition to causing disease in kidneys resulted in nephritis .In adult, IBV effect on reproductive tract and produce irreparable damage to oviduct and production of abnormal eggs. (Cook et al, 2012; Jackwood, 2012; Jackwood and De Wit, 2013).Infectious bronchitis virus IBV is a gammacoronavirus, family coronavirdae, order Nidovirales , the virus is a single-stranded, positive sense, 27 kb RNA genome that encodes many nonstructural proteins involved in replication, threeThe continuous mutation and recombination events and the emergence of novel IBV variants urge researchers to establish a simple phylogeny-based classification system. The avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly contagious pathogen of commercial chickens major structural proteins (spike (S), envelope (E), membrane glycoprotein (M) involved in virion formation and a protein involved in genome packaging nucleocapsid (N) (Cavanagh, 2007). Infectious bronchitis virus IBV is a gammacoronavirus, family coronavirdae, order Nidovirales , the virus is a single-stranded, positive sense, 27 kb RNA genome that encodes many nonstructural proteins involved in replication, three. In Egypt, Massachusetts D3128, D274, D08880, 793B, variant 1 and 2 strains 2006; Zanaty et al, 2016) and IS/1494/06 nephropathic IBV strain are frequently isolated from poultry (Susan et al; 2010). The IBV variant 2 is the most predominant serotype in Egypt, causing massive losses in broiler, layer, and breeder sectors (Susan et al 2011; Abdel-Moneim et al 2012).
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