Abstract
No-till agriculture involves the use of pelleted and granular pesticides and chemically treated seeds. Some of these products kill birds. The present experiments were designed to investigate whether four candidate repellents (methyl anthranilate, ortho-aminoacetophenone, d-pulegone, and pine oil) would reduce consumption by European starlings ( Sturnus vulgaris) of clay particles similar in size and shape to particles normally used for pesticide delivery. All substances reduced consumption ( P < 0.05), although none completely eliminated it. To achieve further reductions in consumption, other particle characteristics might be considered. These include the use of colors that make particles indistinct from the substrate, and a texture or particle size that diminishes the likelihood that particles will be ingested as grit.
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