Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of PAHs and dioxin on mRNA and plasma protein expression using genomic and proteomic analysis for automobile emission inspectors and waste incineration workers. About 54 workers from automobile emission inspection offices, 31 workers from waste incinerating company and 84 unexposed healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Urine and air samples were collected and analyzed by HPLC and GC/MS. Comet assays were carried out to evaluate any DNA damage in mononuclear and polynuclear cells. A significant difference in Olive tail moments in mononuclear cells was observed between exposed and control subjects (P < 0.0001). To examine the differences of the gene expression profile in automobile emission inspectors and waste incineration workers, radioactive complementary DNA microarrays were used to evaluate changes in the expression of 1,152 total genes. The gene expression profiles showed that 11 genes were up-regulated and 4 genes were down-regulated in waste incinerating workers as compared with controls. Plasma proteins were analyzed by 2-dimentional electrophoresis with pH 3-10 NL IPG Dry strip. The protein expression profiles showed that 8 proteins were up- regulated and 1 protein, haptoglobin, was down- regulated in automobile emission inspectors and waste incineration workers. Serum paraoxonase/ arylesterase was found only in the plasma of waste incineration workers. The expression of genes and proteins involved in oxidative stress were up-regulated in both automobile emission inspectors and waste incineration workers. Several proteins, such as transthyrethin, sarcolectin and haptoglobin, that were highly up- or down-regulated, could serve as biological monitoring markers for future study.
Highlights
Environmental pollutants that cause genotoxic, immunotoxic, and neurotoxic effects in animal and human have been found and studied to determine the role of toxicity and to search for monitoring methods for pre-diagnosis or the prevention of disease (Albertini et al, 1998; Shugart et al, 1998; Burchiel et al, 1999; Claudio et al, 2000; Chhabra et al, 2003)
We proposed it would be of valuable to determine the changes of mRNA in blood cells and plasma protein expression for the roles of biological monitoring markers in workers exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or dioxins
We present here results of the study showing new biological monitoring markers in two different fields, that is, genomics and proteomics
Summary
Environmental pollutants that cause genotoxic, immunotoxic, and neurotoxic effects in animal and human have been found and studied to determine the role of toxicity and to search for monitoring methods for pre-diagnosis or the prevention of disease (Albertini et al, 1998; Shugart et al, 1998; Burchiel et al, 1999; Claudio et al, 2000; Chhabra et al, 2003). The International Agency for Research on Cancer has characterized PAHs as carcinogens (IARC, 1998) These two major environmental toxic components are found to cause DNA damage as well as changes in the genes controlling protein expression or cell growth and differentiation (Kress and Greenlee, 1997; Mann et al, 1999; Melendez-Colon et al, 1999; Wu et al, 2001). Genomic analysis has recently been used as an approach to analyze differential gene expression and proteomics has been found to be a powerful method to elucidate cellular response to toxic compounds at the protein level. The only way to evaluate the toxic effects of dioxin or to find a specific biological monitoring marker for dioxin is to compare gene or protein expressions in theses two subject groups on the blood cells and plasma proteins using genomic and proteomic analysis. All workers and control subjects had not eaten any grilled and smoked meats within the last 48 h
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