Evaluation of biogenic amines profile in opened wine bottles: Effect of storage conditions

Abstract

Changes in biogenic amines profile during storage of opened wine bottles have been monitored. Three different wine types were selected (standard and high quality red wines and young white wine), and once opened, wine bottles were kept in different storage conditions (temperature and stopper kind). The total concentration of biogenic amines in just opened bottles ranged between 35.4–39.2mg/L in standard quality red wine; 18.5–22.8mg/L in high quality red wine; and 5.08mg/L in bulk young white wine. Both red wines showed higher amounts of histamine and putrescine, whilst the white wine contained tyramine, putrescine and histamine in a similar concentration. Cadaverine presented a similar concentration for all samples (0.25–0.42mg/L). Methylamine and spermine were not detected in any sample. The results from 36 samples showed that biogenic amines did not increase significantly in any case. Slight changes in the concentration of certain biogenic amines were detected as a result of the different storage conditions. A principal component analysis using biogenic amines as variables allowed to group the different kinds of wine. Linear Discriminant Analyses grouped the three wine types by storage time. Histamine and cadaverine showed a marked positive correlation in all wine types.