Abstract
Molecular mechanisms of biofilm formation in Candida tropicalis and current methods for biofilm analyses in this fungal pathogen are limited. (2) Methods: Biofilm biomass and crystal violet staining of the wild-type and each gene mutant strain of C. tropicalis were evaluated on silicone under synthetic urine culture conditions. (3) Results: Seven media were tested to compare the effects on biofilm growth with or without silicone. Results showed that biofilm cells of C. tropicalis were unable to form firm biofilms on the bottom of 12-well polystyrene plates. However, on a silicone-based platform, Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 (RPMI 1640), yeast nitrogen base (YNB) + 1% glucose, and synthetic urine media were able to induce strong biofilm growth. In particular, replacement of Spider medium with synthetic urine in the adherence step and the developmental stage is necessary to gain remarkably increased biofilms. Interestingly, unlike Candida albicans, the C. tropicalis ROB1 deletion strain but not the other five biofilm-associated mutants did not cause a significant reduction in biofilm formation, suggesting that the biofilm regulatory circuits of the two species are divergent. (4) Conclusions: This system for C. tropicalis biofilm analyses will become a useful tool to unveil the biofilm regulatory network in C. tropicalis.
Highlights
Fungal infections caused by Candida species commonly occur in the skin, genitals, or mucous membrane [1]
The biofilm growth of C. tropicalis in different culture media was washed out, cells incubated with synthetic complete dextrose (SCD) supplemented with 50% serum for adhesion showed some biofilm formation around the well and a minor amount on the bottom (Figure 1a)
It is known that different culture conditions affect biofilm growth in several Candida species [19,22,25]
Summary
Fungal infections caused by Candida species commonly occur in the skin, genitals, or mucous membrane [1]. In Europe and the United States, the dominant Candida species of candidiasis include Candida albicans (~50%), Candida glabrata (~30%), Candida parapsilosis (~12%), Candida tropicalis (~7%), and Candida krusei (
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