Evaluation of bioactive glass and autogenous bone in the treatment of Grade II furcation involvement: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Introduction: Furcation involvement is an inflammatory process that results in a breakdown of the supporting connective tissue and bone as a result of extension of periodontal destruction between the roots of multi-rooted teeth. Class II furcation lesions are a challenging scenario for periodontal therapy and a serious threat for tooth prognosis where the teeth mortality has been reported to occur more frequently in furcated teeth than in similar teeth without furcation defects. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of bioactive glass (BG) grafting material versus autogenous bone grafting in the treatment of Grade II furcation involvement clinically and radiographically. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 patients with buccal mandibular Grade II furcation involvement were divided- by a split-mouth design- into three groups; group (Gp) I involved 30 sites grafted with BG; Gp II involved 30 sites grafted with autogenous bone and Gp III involved 10 sites treated with scaling and root planing only after flap reflection. Results: The postoperative healing periods were, generally uneventful with no postoperative complications. At the last follow-up period, the previous furcation sites were covered with healthy gingiva and there was a great reduction in the surface area of the furcation defects with a marked increase in the gray level in both Gp I and II with no significant difference, while there was a statistically significant difference between Gp I and Gp III and between Gp II and Gp III at 3 months and at 6 months of follow-up periods. Conclusion: The use of BG and autogenous bone grafts has better outcomes in the treatment of Grade II furcation involvement when compared with open debridement alone. The use of bony glass has nearly the same successful outcomes of the autogenous bone graft; however, it is less traumatic to the patient. Clinical Relevance to Interdisciplinary Dentistry Periodontal regenerative procedure using bioactive glass material can be performed to enhance bone formation Class II furcation lesions are a challenging scenario for periodontal therapy and a serious threat for tooth prognosis.