Abstract
Sapodilla is an exotic fruit consumed in several countries, which generates a significant amount of waste which can be used as a source of bioactive compounds. In this context, this work aimed to extract bioactive compounds from sapodilla peel and seeds through an ultrasound-assisted technique. This work is an explanatory quantitative research based on laboratory experiments. Extraction was carried out with distilled water, methanol and ethanol at concentrations between 40% and 80%, subjected to ultrasound for 1 h. The highest levels of phenolic compounds were obtained in 40% methanol peel extract (126.0 mg GAE/100 g of residue) and in 80% methanol seed extract (65.3 mg GAE/100 g of residue). In relation to total flavonoids, the highest levels were found in 80% ethanol peel extract (90.0 mg QCE/100 g) and in 80% ethanol seed extract (33.3 mg QCE/100g). The highest antioxidant activity for these extracts was obtained by the ABTS method, around 700.0 μM Trolox/g of residue. Seven polyphenolic compounds were identified and quantified by HPLC, with gallic acid being the major compound, followed by epigallocatechin and catechin. The ultrasound technique was efficient for obtaining bioactive extracts of sapodilla residues with potential for future application as a natural source of bioactive compounds.
Highlights
Sapodilla (Manilkara zapota/Achras zapota) or sapota is the most well-known fruit species in the Sapotaceae family (Junior et al, 2014); native to Central America, it originated in southern Mexico or Central America (Oliveira et al, 2011)
Sapodilla is an exotic fruit consumed in several countries, which generates a significant amount of waste which can be used as a source of bioactive compounds
In relation to total flavonoids, the highest levels were found in 80% ethanol peel extract (90.0 mg QCE/100 g) and in 80% ethanol seed extract (33.3 mg QCE/100g)
Summary
Sapodilla (Manilkara zapota/Achras zapota) or sapota is the most well-known fruit species in the Sapotaceae family (Junior et al, 2014); native to Central America, it originated in southern Mexico or Central America (Oliveira et al, 2011). Researchers have determined bioactive compounds such as total phenolics, total flavonoids, anthocyanins and ascorbic acid in sapodilla peel, pulp leftovers and seeds (Silva et al, 2014; Sancho et al, 2015; Singh et al, 2016; Can-Cauich et al, 2017) through the conventional method of extraction with organic solvents and orbital shaking. The ultrasound extraction technique has advantages such as: shorter operating time, easier handling, reduced temperature, less solvent use and energy savings; and has the potential to increase extraction yields due to cavitation and improved mass transfer phenomena (Sharayeia et al, 2019) In this context, the aim of this work was to extract bioactive compounds from sapodilla peel and seeds using organic solvents associated with an ultrasound-assisted technique
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