Evaluation of bioaccumulation and toxic effect of aluminum and molybdenum oxide nanoparticles used as an active component of bactericidal agents

Abstract

Introduction. Nanoparticles (NPs) of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and molybdenum oxide (MoO3) have the potential to be used as an active component of bactericidal agents. At the same time, there is information in the scientific literature about the negative effects of these NPs on organism. Given that, it seems relevant to perform the study and comparative analysis of the toxicity of Al2O3 and MoO3 NPs.
 Materials and methods. We examined physical properties of Al2O3 NPs and MoO3 NPs. In an experiment on Wistar rats, peculiarities of bioaccumulation and toxic action at multiply inhalation exposure was researched. 
 Results. The examined samples were a nanomaterial judging by such parameters as particle size, shape, surface area and total pore volume. Under exposure to Al2O3 NPs, aluminum concentrations were statistically significant increase in the lungs, brain, liver and blood relative to the control; under exposure to MoO3 NPs – molybdenum concentration in heart, lungs, brain, kidney and blood. Under exposure to MoO3 NPs, a wider range of negative effects changed relative to the control of biochemical parameters (increased activity of ALP, LDH, concentrations of total and direct bilirubin, urea, creatinine) was established than during exposure to Al2O3 NPs (increased activity of ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, concentrations direct bilirubin).
 Pathomorphological changes were identified in the lungs, brain, heart and liver under exposure to 
 Al2O3 NPs; in lungs, brain and liver under exposure to MoO3 NPs in the lungs.
 However, tissue changes upon exposure to MoO3 NPs are more pronounced than those upon exposure to Al2O3 NPs. 
 Limitations. The study involved only multiple inhalation exposure to Al2O3 NPs and MoO3 NPs in an experiment on Wistar rats.
 Conclusion. Differences in the toxicokinetics of Al2O3 and MoO3 NPs do not make it possible to single out among them those that are more dangerous for human health, and therefore additional studies are needed.