Abstract
Poultry and swine are the major proportion of the livestock industry in terms of output value. To meet the growing need for protein sources in these sectors, the use of biomasses coming from agro-industrial residues can be an interesting option in the future years. This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of seven basidiomycetes to grow, detoxicate, increase protein content, and its antioxidant activity when grew in pure Jatropha seed cake (JSC) and cottonseed cake (CSC) biomasses and mixtures containing 50% of lignocellulosic biomasses from coconut husks and Acrocomia aculeata (macauba cake). Results showed that five basidiomycetes were able to grow in these substrates. F. hepatica, P. lecomtei, and P. pulmonarius presented the highest bio-detoxification capacity. All treatments showed a reduction in total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity, but treatments with coconut husks showed lower reductions. Results also indicated that there were molecules produced by basidiomycetes responsible for antioxidant activity other than phenolic compounds. These results indicated that basidiomycetes could detoxify JCS and CSC biomasses, suggesting their possible use in animal feed and that the addition of coconut husks in JSC and macauba cake in cottonseed cake could promote greater colonization by fungi.
Highlights
As the human population grows, the demand for food increases proportionately
This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of seven basidiomycetes to grow, detoxicate, increase protein content, and its antioxidant activity when grew in pure Jatropha seed cake (JSC) and cottonseed cake (CSC) biomasses and mixtures containing 50% of lignocellulosic biomasses from coconut husks and Acrocomia aculeata
The results of the growth rate (GR) showed that of the 7 selected basidiomycetes, A. subrufescens and, L. edodes were not able to grow in the jars with biomasses containing Jatropha seed cake (JSC), Jatropha seed cake with coconut husks (JSC+CH), and Jatropha seed cake with macauba cake (JSC+MC) (Figure 1)
Summary
To help address the global food challenge, researchers have developed alternatives sources of animal feed for poultry and swine industries, the most consumed meats in the world Among these new options for animal consumption, oil press cakes have been widely used as sources of proteins and carbohydrates. Amongst the biomasses with potential for use in animal nutrition, Jatropha curcas seed cake and cottonseed cake, residues of oil extraction, both oilseeds suitable for biodiesel production, are good candidates especially due to their high protein content. Toxic compounds such as phorbol esters and free gossypol, present respectively in Jatropha cake and cottonseed cake, make these materials unsafe for animal feed. Carotenoids of Acrocomia aculeata and the high phenolic content of coconut husks might help the antioxidant activity of final biomasses products [6]
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