Evaluation of balance and physical fitness in diabetic neuropathic patients

Abstract

Aim The main aim was to evaluate balance and physical fitness in diabetic neuropathic patients. Methods Sixty voluntary adults of both sexes from Kutahya, Turkey, were divided into two groups: a Type 2 diabetic neuropathic group (DG), mean age 57.6±3.9 (50–65; n=30); and a nondiabetic control group (CG), mean age 55.6±6.1 (51–64; n=30). The CG was selected to match the diabetic group characteristics, such as age, body mass, and sex. Standing on dominant and nondominant leg, functional reach and physical fitness tests were used for assessment. Results Static and dynamic standings on one leg test were significantly lower in DG ( P<.01). Considering CG results, maximal balance reduction in DG was found in the dynamic test on the dominant leg with the eyes open and head rotation (63.1%) and the lowest was on the static test on dominant leg with eyes open (19.7%). The result of the functional reach test was determined to be significantly lower in DG, with 21.3% balance reduction ( P<.01). In all physical fitness tests, DG made significantly lower repetitions in 1 min ( P<.01). Functional reach (34 cm) and one-leg standing (42 s) test results had shown our participants' low-risk falling, considering literature studies (15 cm and 30 s). Conclusion The data show that the diabetic neuropathy disturbed especially the balance on the dominant leg and decrease physical fitness. In this situation, further studies that show the difference between dominant and nondominant leg balance and new risk of falling profile in diabetic neuropathic participants are needed.