Evaluation of Bacterial Adhesion to the ZrO2 Atomic Layer Deposited on the Surface of Cobalt-Chromium Dental Alloy Produced by DMLS Method.

Anna Ziębowicz,Mirosława Pawlyta,Witold Walke,Kamil Kosiel,Bogusław Ziębowicz,Bohdan Bączkowski,Aldona Mzyk,Agata Sambok-Kiełbowicz,Jerzy Kubacki

doi:10.3390/ma14051079

Abstract

The main purpose of the research was to analyze the influence of surface modification of the cobalt-based alloy used in dental prosthetics by applying zirconium oxide (ZrO2) layers using the ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) method. The samples were made using the DMLS (Direct Metal Laser Sintering) technique, and their surfaces were prepared in accordance with the principles of removable partial dentures (RPDs). A 50 nm-thick zirconium oxide coating was applied to the prepared substrates. This paper deals with the issues of prosthetic stomatopathy, which is a complex of pathological changes occurring in approx. 40% of the Polish population using removable dentures. Often, these changes, occurring on the mucosa, are related to improper performance, allergic reactions or the multiplication of bacteria on the surface of partial dentures. An innovative method of surface modification was proposed, together with the analysis of its influence on the physicochemical properties of the alloy and the adhesion of bacteria to the surface.

Highlights

The currently observed development of dentistry and dental prosthetics is dictated to a large extent by the prolonged length of human life and an increasing number of factors causing problems with the stomatognathic system from an early age
Cobalt-based alloy (EOS chromium balt−chromium (CoCr) removable partial dentures (RPDs) Bibus Menos, Gdańsk, Poland) samples obtained through the use of 3D printing technology—Direct Metal Laser Sintering was proposed for the tests
On the basis of the obtained research results, it was found that the application of the ZrO2 layer by the Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) method on the CoCr dental alloy produced by the Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) technique results in the improvement of its physicochemical properties

Summary

Introduction

The currently observed development of dentistry and dental prosthetics is dictated to a large extent by the prolonged length of human life and an increasing number of factors causing problems with the stomatognathic system from an early age (including food chemistry, cancer and road accidents). A wide range of solutions and access to modern materials and technologies contribute to changes in the field of prosthetic restorations. The aim of the reconstruction was to restore the proper functionality of the stomatognathic system and aesthetics, and to have a preventive effect aimed at maintaining the natural biological conditions and biomechanical balance for as long as possible. The specific nature of the oral cavity environment defines many requirements that prosthetic restorations should meet. Occurring allergies and stomatopathies impose the need to look for such material solutions, which are primarily characterized by high biocompatibility, resistance to corrosion in the oral cavity environment and favorable mechanical properties [1]. Modern materials should help to maintain proper hygiene in the patient’s oral cavity. A high degree of hygiene is important for the remaining dentition, which is intended to maintain the partial denture properly [2]

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Conclusion