Abstract
The precise origin of cervical vertebral anomalies is still unstated, but it has been suggested that the association between abnormal development of cervical vertebrae and the maxilla and the mandible might be caused by a developmental fault of the mesenchyme as these structures might be dependent on the similar para-axial mesoderm. Hence it is appropriate to focus on this area of research and to consider the craniofacial morphology as an important diagnostic tool in Orthodontic treatment planning. The present study was planned to evaluate the association of Cleft lip and Cleft palate with cervical vertebral anomalies.
 The present study was planned in Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India. Thirty cases of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate (CLCP) patients were enrolled in the present study. The age of the patients ranged from 5 years to 15 years. The cleft sample were subdivided into patients with CP only, and unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP). Radiographs were examined on a film viewer by a single examiner. The profile of first four cervical vertebrae and Atlanto Occipital Articulation were structurally traced on an acetate paper with 3H lead pencil under optimum illumination and Cervical Vertebral Anomalies (CVA) were registered and categorized into Posterior Arch Deficiencies - PAD (dehiscence and spina bifid) and fusion.
 The present study concludes the association between cleft lip and palate and Cervical Vertebral Anomalies indicating that CVA may be implicated as the etiology of cleft lip and palate. The present study showed a specific relation between the Cleft Palate and cervical anomalies and the vertebral anomalies following a specific pattern in different types of cleft was found to be PAD which occurred more frequently in UCLP and CP only and fusion occurring significantly more often in BCLP.
 Keywords: Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate; Cervical Vertebral Anomalies; Dehiscence; Fusion; Lateral Cephalograph
Highlights
Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate are common congenital malformations, known as oral clefts or orofacial clefts
The present study concludes the association between cleft lip and palate and Cervical Vertebral Anomalies indicating that CVA may be implicated as the etiology of cleft lip and palate
The present study showed a specific relation between the Cleft Palate and cervical anomalies and the vertebral anomalies following a specific pattern in different types of cleft was found to be posterior arch deficiencies (PAD) which occurred more frequently in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and cleft palate (CP) only and fusion occurring significantly more often in bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP)
Summary
Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate are common congenital malformations , known as oral clefts or orofacial clefts. During the development of lip and palate in early pregnancy period, incomplete fusion of upper lip and palate leads to the formation of cleft lip and palate in a child. A child can have a cleft lip, a cleft palate or both because development of lips and palate occur at different times during gestation. Children with these birth defects have difficulty in feeding and talking. Cleft lip and cleft palate are common birth defects and happen very early in the pregnancy. Cleft lip with or without cleft palate is more common in males than in females. Isolated cleft palate is more common in females whereas males have more severe defects.
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