Abstract
Cassia alata, commonly known as candle bush, ringworm bush is an extensively distributed plant of the family Leguminosea. It is an annual and occasionally biannual herb, flowering in the sunshine and humid areas, with an average height of 1 to 4m. Biological activity in plants has been claimed to be effective as antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-ulcer, antiviral, antidepressants, hepatoprotective, antimalarial, anthelmintic, cardiovascular, and anesthetic properties. The ethanolic extract of plant was subjected first time for neutralization of snake venom activity. Primary phytochemical screening shows the existence of alkaloid, steroids, phenols, flavonoids, and triterpenoids. Ethanolic extract of Cassia alata plants was tested for antivenom activity against Daboia russelii venom. Various dose levels of leaf extract 200 and 400mg/kg showed significant neutralization of hemorrhagic activity, and at 400mg/kg leaf extract showed significant necrotizing activity in rats.
Highlights
There are 285 snake species found in Indian subcontinent, but only a few are venomous, and only four of them are accountable for the most of the fatal envenomations; Spectacled cobra (Naja naja), Common krait (Bungarus caeruleus), Bhat et al.; JPRI, 33(38A): 288-298, 2021; Article no.JPRI.71825Russell’s viper (Daboia russelii), Saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus) [1].The majority of medically important Indian snakes are these four species
Ethanolic leaf extract when administered orally at dose 400mg/kg body weight, showed maximum protection against the lethality induced by 2LD50 of Daboia russelii venom
Complete inhibition of necrotizing activity was observed at dose of 400mg/kg of ethanolic extract of C. alata
Summary
There are 285 snake species found in Indian subcontinent, but only a few are venomous, and only four of them are accountable for the most of the fatal envenomations; Spectacled cobra (Naja naja), Common krait (Bungarus caeruleus), Bhat et al.; JPRI, 33(38A): 288-298, 2021; Article no.JPRI.71825. The majority of medically important Indian snakes are these four species. India has around 2 subcategories of saw-scaled vipers, four subspecies of cobras, eight subspecies of kraits. To determine whether additional species of snakes in India need to be categorized as relevant, further studies are required. Various species of pit viper are known to cause severe morbidity and occasional mortality in local circumstantial accounts (mainly in northeastern India, where there are large numbers of pit vipers). There are two species of kraits, which are known to have deadly venoms, but to date, only the common krait (Bungarus caeruleus) venom is used for the manufacturing of antivenom [1]
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