Abstract
ObjectivesIn this present study, antioxidant, anti-hemolytic, cytotoxic and anti-bacterial activities derived from methanol extracts of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Heritiera littoralis were investigated in order to determine their medicinal activities.Materials and methodsFolin-Ciocalteu reagent method and aluminum chloride methods were used to determine the mangroves’ total phenolics and total flavonoid content, respectively. Antioxidant capacity was assessed via the following methods: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl (DPPH), 43 mM H2O2, Fe2+ quenching assay, and anti-hemolytic activity. Brine shrimp (Artemia salina L.) lethality assay was also carried out to determine the cytotoxic potential of the mangroves along with anti-bacterial activity test using five Gram-negative and another two Gram-positive bacterial strains.ResultsThe mangroves yielded 58.917 ± 0.601 and 36.625 ± 0.551 mg Gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g sample and 76.417 ± 0.19 and 113.637 ± 0.17 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g sample in B. gymnorrhiza and H. littoralis, respectively. Methanol extracts of both mangroves exhibited high radical scavenging activity against DPPH, H2O2 and Fe2+ radicals. The reductive capacity of the extracts increased with increasing concentrations of samples, and the extracts inhibited H2O2 induced hemolysis in human red blood cells (RBCs). Antioxidant properties were found to be moderately weaker than that of the reference standard, L-ascorbic acid (AA), and Gallic acid (GA). Further, brine shrimp (Artemia salina L.) lethality assay revealed significant cytotoxicity (241.4 and 272.6 μg/mL, respectively). Methanol extracts could also inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacterial strains.ConclusionThis study showed that the crude methanol extract of selected mangrove plants possesses free radical scavenging, anti-hemolytic, cytotoxic and anti-bacterial activity. The experimented plant has the potential to be used as a traditional medicine and replace synthetic drugs. Further studies are necessary to isolate active compounds responsible for the overall antioxidant activity of the crude extracts.
Highlights
The term mangrove usually describes the assemblage of woody trees and shrubs which mainly grow in coastal saline habitats in the world’s tropical and subtropical regions
This study showed that the crude methanol extract of selected mangrove plants possesses free radical scavenging, anti-hemolytic, cytotoxic and anti-bacterial activity
total flavonoid content (TFC) obtained for both methanol extracts of H. littoralis and B. mycorrhizae are 114.52 ± 0.339 and 77.21 ± 0.016 mg quercetin equivalent/g extract (Table 1)
Summary
The term mangrove usually describes the assemblage of woody trees and shrubs which mainly grow in coastal saline habitats in the world’s tropical and subtropical regions. Extracts and phytochemicals of several mangrove plant species are used extensively in folkloric medicine mostly to treat a number of diseases, for example microbial infections, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. These compounds are being currently used as pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides) in agriculture [2]. Leaves of mangrove plant species are rich in phenols and flavonoids that serve as ultraviolet screening compounds. Due to their significant constitution of tannin, phenol, flavonoid and other antioxidant substances, they are commonly used as folk medicines against several diseases [2]
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