Abstract
Background: Vitex pinnata is a popular ethnomedicinal plant but scientific studies to validate its pharmacological properties are lacking for this plant. This study aims to determine the antioxidant, antimicrobial and wound healing properties of the methanolic extract of the leaves and the hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions. Methods: The leaves of Vitex pinnata underwent methanol extraction and the methanol extract was fractionated with hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents. The antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by disc diffusion assay against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For the wound healing studies, the methanolic extracts of V. pinnata were used to prepare ointments with compositions of 10% (w/w) and 50% (w/w), which were evaluated for wound healing activity in an excision wound model in Wistar rats. Results: All the extracts showed antioxidant activities, with the ethyl acetate extract having the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, followed by the methanol, chloroform and hexane extracts. Similarly, their quercetin equivalent concentrations were 33.1, 31, 20.3 and 4.5 mg/mL, respectively. Except for the methanol extract, the disc diffusion assay showed that the extracts demonstrated species-specific antibacterial activities, with the ethyl acetate extract showing antibacterial activities against all four tested strains. The wound healing activity of the high dose treated group (50% [w/w]) shows significant increase of wound contraction when compared to the control group. Conclusion: In the current study, the ethyl acetate extract showed activity for all tested bacteria and also had the highest DPPH activity. The methanolic extracts of V. pinnata leaves show modest wound healing activity in an excision wound model.
Highlights
Vitex pinnata is a common ethnomedicinal plant locally known as ‘kulimpapa’ in Brunei Darussalam and East Malaysia
Antioxidant activities Statistical analysis indicated that the radical scavenging activity (RSA) of the different extracts were significantly different to each other
The ethyl acetate extract had the highest RSA and quercetin equivalent (QE) concentration, indicating it was the most potent in inhibiting free radicals compared to the other extracts (Table 1)
Summary
Vitex pinnata is a common ethnomedicinal plant locally known as ‘kulimpapa’ in Brunei Darussalam and East Malaysia. V. pinnata is a popular ethnomedicinal plant, scientific studies are lacking to validate its pharmacological properties It is not clear if this plant has antioxidant, antimicrobial and wound healing properties. This study aims to determine the antioxidant, antimicrobial and wound healing properties of the methanolic extract of the leaves and the hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions. Results: All the extracts showed antioxidant activities, with the ethyl acetate extract having the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, followed by the methanol, chloroform and hexane extracts. Their quercetin equivalent concentrations were 33.1, 31, 20.3 and 4.5 mg/mL, respectively. The methanolic extracts of V. pinnata leaves show modest wound healing activity in an excision wound model
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