Abstract
Mangroves are plants known for their various medicinal and economical values, and therefore are widely investigated for their phytochemical, antioxidant, antidiarrheal, and antimicrobial activities. In the present study, we analyze the antioxidant and anticorrosive properties of Ceriops tagal (C. tagal), a tropical and subtropical mangrove plant of the Rhizophoraceae family. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were found to be 101.52 and 35.71 mg/g, respectively. The extract (100 µg/mL) exhibited 83.88, 85, and 87% antioxidant property against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide, and hydrogen peroxide free radicals. In addition, 600 ppm of C. tagal extract showed 95% corrosion inhibition against 1 M HCl attack on mild steel at 303 ± 1 K, which declined over other concentrations and temperatures, where AAS produced 82% inhibition at 600 ppm. UV-visible spectroscopy analysis revealed the formation of an inhibitor metal complex. The elemental analysis provided the presence of 84.21, 9.01, and 6.37% of Fe, O, and C, respectively, in inhibited mild steel, whereas the same were 71.54, 22.1, and 4.34%, respectively, in uninhibited specimen, stressing the presence of protective film on the metal surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also showed some noteworthy changes in both uninhibited and inhibited mild steel, making C. tagal plant a better alternative than any other synthetic inhibitors. Further, the atomic force microscopy (AFM) surface topography analysis showed that 600 ppm of C. tagal extract significantly diminished corrosion on the surface of mild steel.
Highlights
Mangroves are woody halophytic plants covering about 160,000 km2 all over the world
The presence of total phenols and flavonoids in plants is an indicator to use as a tool for solving several problems starting from the human body to industrial sectors
The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of any plant have been approved as a benchmark for analyzing plant components for other economically beneficial roles
Summary
Mangroves are woody halophytic plants covering about 160,000 km all over the world. Mangroves adapt to anoxic soil and salt stress conditions inhabiting several exclusive plant species that are limited to mangrove vegetation. Mangroves plants are recognized as economically valuable as they are utilized in medicines, agriculture, firewood, charcoal, and wood productions [4]. They act as a key factor in blocking tsunami and cyclones, whereas mangrove wetlands serve as a breeding place for migratory birds and fishes [5]. Interest in green inhibitors has consistently increased since 1950, which has majorly focused on plants extract and other plant-derived compounds as corrosion inhibitors. R-(+)-pulegone from pennyroyal oil (Mentha pulegium), Aloe vera, Mangifera indica, natural polymers (mimosa tannin and guar gum), model green inhibitors (tryptophan and glutamic acid), allyl propyl disulfide (garlic), alkaloid berberine (mustard seeds), monomtrene 1,8-cineole (Eucalyptus oil), amines and bioflavonoids (Garcinia kola), and flavonoids, amino acids, and pigments (calyx extract) have been identified as effective corrosion inhibitors [12,13]. The surface topography of mild steel was analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
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