Abstract
Background: Rosa damascena L. is the most notable species of the Rosaceae family in the world, and has been used in food, cosmetics, and the pharmaceutical industry. Bioactive compounds in this flower are known to have several activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory. In this study, the antioxidant and collagenase inhibitory activities of R. damascena L. petal and receptacle extracts were evaluated. Methods: Ethanolic extraction of R. damascena L. petals (EERP) and R. damascena L. receptacles (EERR) were obtained, and bioactive compounds (flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, and triterpenoids) were classified by phytochemical screening. Antioxidant activities were analyzed by Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay, while anti-collagenase analysis was examined through the inhibition of collagenase. Results: Phytochemical test revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids, triterpenes, and tannin. EERP showed higher FRAP activity (164.23 ± 1.34 μM Fe(II)) than EERR (12.85 ± 6.19 μM Fe(II)). EERP also had higher inhibitory activity of collagenase (IC50 = 115.48±1.78 µM/mL) compared to EERR (IC50 = 141.96±6.13 µM/mL). Conclusions: R. damascena L. petal and receptacle ethanol extracts contain several components, such as phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, terpenes, triterpenoids, and steroids. These extracts exhibit antioxidant activity and collagenase inhibition. R. damascena L. petal extract showed higher antioxidant activity through FRAP assay and inhibitory activity of collagenase than R. damascena L. receptacle extract.
Highlights
Antioxidants are compounds that can react with Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) to prevent the oxidation of lipids, DNA, and proteins[1]
Phytochemical analysis Phytochemical analysis was done to detect the presence of flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, steroids/triterpenoids, terpenoids and alkaloids. 10 mg of extracts were used for each analysis following the procedures of Widowati et al without modification[12]
Anti-collagenase assay Anti-collagenase activity of ethanol extract of rose receptacles (EERR) and EERP was assessed by evaluating the inhibition of collagenase, following the procedure of Wittenuer et al.[14 10] μL collagenase from Clostridium histolyticum (0.01 U/mL, Sigma), 60 μL of 50 mM Tricine buffer pH 7.5 (containing 10 mM CaCl2 (Merck) and 400 mM NaCl (TCL Co., Ltd)), and 30 μL of extract (7.81 – 250 μg/mL) were mixed and incubated at 37°C for 20 min
Summary
Antioxidants are compounds that can react with Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) to prevent the oxidation of lipids, DNA, and proteins[1]. Several studies report that ROS correlates with several human diseases, such as cancer[2], inflammation[3], and the aging process[4]. ROS promote the activation of collagenase and block collagen synthesis, leading to a decrease in skin elasticity and acceleration of skin wrinkles. This mechanism by ROS is the major factor of degeneration collagen fiber[6]. Rosa damascena L. is the most important species among the Rosaceae family of flowers. This species has many pharmacological properties and has been used in food, herbal medicine, and cosmetics since ancient times[7]. We evaluate the antioxidant and anticollagenase activity from ethanol extract of R. damascena L. petals and receptacles
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