Abstract
Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) is one of the best-selling products, popular in nutritional properties and health benefits. In the present study, the total phenolic compounds and flavonoid content of the ethanolic extract from G. biloba tea were also evaluated. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH assay and tyrosinase inhibitory activity was also determined with L-DOPA as a substrate. The extract showed the total phenolic compound and flavonoid content were 14.13 mg GE g−1 extract and 71.33 mg rutin equivalence g−1 DW, respectively. Taking into account the results of the DPPH, the antioxidant property at the concentration of 500 µg ml−1 was 95.29% that is similar to that of the BHT, ascorbic acid, and gallic acid used as positive controls. The inhibitory capacity of the sample against tyrosinase is lower than that of positive controls at all concentrations. The results of inhibition in terms of IC50 confirm the inhibition patterns. On the other hand, the statistical similarity of the anti-DOPA auto-oxidation (IC50) of G. biloba leaf extract and kojic acid was found (456.27 and 418.5 µg ml−1) but was lower than that of ascorbic acid (IC50 989.61 µg ml−1). A relationship was observed between the potential of antioxidant activity, tyrosinase inhibition, and anti-DOPA auto-oxidation with concentration levels of the extracts. The results of phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and reducing sugars.
Highlights
Ginkgo biloba L. belonging to the Ginkgoaceae family, more commonly known as ginkgo or maidenhair tree, is the most ancient living gymnosperm and native to China
Both the seeds and leaves are recommended for treating heart and lung problems
G. biloba extract is used for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and cerebrovascular insufficiency in the elderly; in particular, intermittent claudication and symptoms thought to be due to cerebral insufficiency are reported to be relieved by the extract without side effects, and antioxidant action has been claimed [2]
Summary
Ginkgo biloba L. belonging to the Ginkgoaceae family, more commonly known as ginkgo or maidenhair tree, is the most ancient living gymnosperm and native to China. It has been widely used therapeutically in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. G. biloba is a dietary supplement promoted for sharpening memory and improving circulation [1]. At present, both the seeds and leaves are recommended for treating heart and lung problems. E major bioactive compounds of G. biloba are reported to be terpenoids, flavonoids, biflavonoids, organic acids, polyphenols, and others. Ginkgo leaves can be used to make tea, herbal extracts, tinctures, and pills. e major bioactive compounds of G. biloba are reported to be terpenoids, flavonoids, biflavonoids, organic acids, polyphenols, and others. e ginkgolides A, B, and C and sesquiterpene bilobalide are the major constituents of G. biloba that exhibit biological and pharmacological activities [3, 4]
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