Evaluation of antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory abilities of sustainably synthesized Co3O4 NPs

Abstract

The cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4 NPs) sustainably synthesized by Citrus tangerina leaf aqueous extract and it was characterized by standard analytical experiments including UV–vis spectra, FT-IR, DLS, and SEM analyses. Furthermore, their antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory competence were investigated through in-vitro approach. The aqueous extract derived from C. tangerina leaf has the potential to synthesize the Co3O4 NPs and it was evidenced by peak appeared at 399 nm under UV–vis spectrum study. Furthermore, FTIR analysis results demonstrated that the occurrence of most active functional groups (alcohols (C–O), phenols (C–O), carbonyl (C=O), and amide (CO = )). The DLS and SEM analyses revealed that the average size as well as shape of C. tangerina leaf extract mediated Co3O4 NPs were found as ranging between 90 and 130 nm and octahedral in shape respectively. The C. tangerina leaf fabricated Co3O4 NPs demonstrated dose dependent activity for antibacterial (e.g. S. aureus 6538 > E. coli O157 > K. pneumoniae 342 > B. subtilis 6633 at 200 μg mL−1 concentration), antifungal, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory assays. The obtained findings conclude that the C. tangerina leaf aqueous extract has the potential to synthesize the Co3O4 NPs and synthesized particle has considerable selective biomedical applications.