Abstract
Background: To evaluate antimicrobial activity of ten plant extracts on antimicrobial resistant organisms and investigate interactions of these extracts with antimicrobials against resistant organisms. Methods: The antimicrobial potential of ethanolic leaf extract of Aberia caffra Hook. f. & Harv., Azadirachta indica L., Dodonaea viscosa L., Ficus nitida L., Lanatana camara L., Myrtus communis L., Olea europaea L., Ruta graveolens, Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi and Vitex agnus-castus L. was investigatedagainst eleven drug resistant organisms by agar well diffusion method. The interaction of these extracts with antimicrobials was assessed. Results: Ethanolic extracts of Dodonaea viscosa leaves had antibacterial activity against ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) quinolone resistant Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) andESBL and carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia).Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi leaves showed antibacterial activity against ESBL and carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae and fluconazole resistant C. albicans. Myrtus communis leave extracts demonstrated activity against ESBL-producing E. coli and fluconazole resistant A. fumigatus. Ruta graveolens L. revealed activity against quinolone resistant S. typhiand fluconazole resistant A. fumigatus. Vitex agnus-castus, Aberia caffra Hook. f. &Harv.andAzadirachta indica L. leaf extracts had activity against ESBL-producing E. coli. Olea europaea L. had activity against quinolone resistant A. baumannii. Ruta graveolens L. and Myrtus communis L. were the only extracts showing synergistic effect in association with voriconazole against fluconazole resistant A. fumigatus. Conclusion: Tested plant leaf extracts had great potential as antimicrobial agents against at least one drug resistant microorganism. Isolation of active components and further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of these products.
Highlights
The rise in bacterial resistance to currently available antibiotics is a global concern that emphasises the need for novel antibacterial classes
Our results showed strong antibacterial activity of Dodonaea viscosa leave extract against ESBL-producing E. coli, Quinolone resistant S. typhi and ESBL and carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae and week activity against the tested Gram positive cocci, with no detected antifungal activity
The findings of this study revealed antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of Aberia caffra Hook. f. & Harv. leaves only against Gram negative antibiotic resistant bacteria, still antagonism was detected when the extract interacted with ciprofloxacin or colistin
Summary
The rise in bacterial resistance to currently available antibiotics is a global concern that emphasises the need for novel antibacterial classes. F. & Harv., Azadirachta indica L., Dodonaea viscosa L., Ficus nitida L., Lanatana camara L., Myrtus communis L., Olea europaea L., Ruta graveolens, Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi and Vitex agnus-castus L. was investigated against eleven drug resistant organisms by agar well diffusion method. Methods: The antimicrobial potential of ethanolic leaf extract of Aberia caffra Hook. The interaction of these extracts with antimicrobials was assessed. Ruta graveolens L. and Myrtus communis L. were the only extracts showing synergistic effect in association with voriconazole against fluconazole resistant A. fumigatus. Isolation of active components and further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of these products
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