Evaluation of anti-microbial activity of biotite and biotite composite based on crystallographic parameters: Estimation of crystallite size employing X-ray diffraction data

Abstract

This study dealt with naturally occurring biotite from the river sediment to synthesize biotite based composite to evaluate antimicrobial activities against gram positive bacteria, negative bacteria and fungi. Biotite mineral, and synthesized carbon aerogel –biotite (CBt) composite and carbon aerogel-biotite –ZnO (CBtZ) composites were considered for the antimicrobial study. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction technique and different crystallographic parameters were computed applying X-ray diffraction data. Also, FESEM was performed to understand the surface morphology of the samples. Crystal size of the biotite, CBt and CBtZ were computed 103.215, 57.567, and 36.496 nm respectively. Tabulated microstrain are 0.175, 0.499 and 0.935 for the biotite, CBt and CBtZ respectively. Various models and equations were used to justify crystallite size, including the Williamson-Hall plot, linear straight line model, Scherrer equation, Monshi-Scherrer model, Size-strain plot (SSP) model, Halder-Wagner method and Sahadat-Scherrer model. For the both composite samples, following models confirmrd the presence of nanocrystal with a range of 50.789–97.777 nm (CBt) and 36.496–105.843 nm(CBtZ). However, for the biotite, all mentioned models were proved invalid except scherrer equation, SSP model and Monshi-Scherrer model. Linear straight line model was found invalid to calculate crystallite size of the three samples. Moreover, different crystal parameters like dislocation density, volume of the unit cell, lattice parameters were computed. Zone of inhabitation estimation method was employed to estimate antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella abony, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Required minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) together with minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) also estimated in this study. Crystal size effect on the antimicrobial activities of the samples were evaluated in this study.