Abstract
Aim:The present study has been conducted to evaluate antigout activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Phyllanthus emblica fruits following its 28 days repeated oral administration on potassium oxonate-induced gout rat model.Materials and Methods:The study was conducted on 42 male Sprague-Dawely rats dividing them in seven groups having six rats in each group. Groups I, II, and III served as vehicle control group, gout control group, and standard treatment control group, respectively. Rats of all the groups except vehicle control group were administered potassium oxonate at 250 mg/kg (IP), throughout the study period (28 days) for induction of gout. Groups IV and V received aqueous extract of P. emblica at 200 and 400 mg/kg, and Groups VI and VII received alcoholic extract of P. emblica at 200 and 400 mg/kg (daily oral for 28 days). At the end of study, all the rats were subjected to blood collection; blood and serum sample were analyzed for hematological and biochemical parameters, respectively. After collection of blood samples on the 29th day, all the rats were sacrificed and subjected to post mortem examination to determine the presence or absence of gross and histopathological lesions in kidney tissues.Results:At the end of study, rats of gout control group showed increase in platelets counts, serum creatinine, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and xanthine oxidase (XO) enzyme level along with alterations in kidney tissues as compared to vehicle control group. Gouty rats treated with aqueous and alcoholic extracts of P. emblica at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight and standard treatment allopurinol at 5 mg/kg body weight showed reduction in platelets counts, serum creatinine, uric acid, BUN, and XO enzyme level along with significant improvements in histological structure of kidney as compared to rats of gout control group.Conclusion:Oral administration of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of P. emblica fruits for 28 days has shown protection against gout in dose-dependent manner in rats.
Highlights
Gout is a heterogynous group of diseases resulting from the deposition of urate crystals in supersaturated extracellular fluids
Effect of repeated oral administration of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of P. emblica fruits for 28 days in normal and gouty rats on various hematological and serum biochemical parameters are presented in Tables-1 and -2, respectively
Changes in serum biochemical parameters of gout control group in present study agree with the work of Haidari et al [13],where intra-peritoneal injection of Potassium oxonate (PO) at 250 mg/kg body weight was shown to cause significant increase in uric acid and xanthine oxidase (XO) level as compared to the vehicle control rats
Summary
Gout is a heterogynous group of diseases resulting from the deposition of urate (as monosodium urate monohydrate) crystals in supersaturated extracellular fluids. These crystals cause an acute inflammatory response and can induce a permanent tissue damage which is characterized by the appearance of ulceration of the joint cartilage, marginal osteophytosis, erosive lesions and chronic inflammation of synovial membrane [1]. The underlying metabolic disorder in gout is an excessive concentration of uric acid in the blood. Urate lowering therapy is the main approach in the treatment of gout. The most important approach in the treatment of gout is the development of xanthine
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