Abstract
Objective: This study evaluated the use of antibiotics in the treatment of patients with acute respiratory infection (ARI) in the outpatients installation in Bunda Thamrin General Hospital, Medan.
 Methods: This prospective descriptive cohort study analyzed the use of antibiotics provided to patients with ARI using Indonesian universal health coverage known as Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial claims (n=130) in outpatients installations from March to May 2018. The characteristics of the patients were organized and descriptively analyzed in Excel and SPSS programs. The antibiotics provided were grouped according to the Anatomical Therapeutical Chemical code and class; then, the dosage form, defined daily dose (DDD) units, was converted into milligrams. DDD calculation was done by dividing the total DDD usage with the total number of patients.
 Results: Mean age of the patients was 32.12±10.579 years. The highest quantity of antibiotic use in DDD/1000 patients-day units was cefixime reaching 1,897.435 mg DDD KPRJ.
 Conclusions: Cefixime was the most widely available antibiotic for the treatment of ARI patients.
Highlights
Acute respiratory infection (ARI) disease or often referred to as ARIs is infections caused by viruses or bacteria
This study was conducted to determine the amount of antibiotic use in ARI therapy and to examine the use of antibiotics in patients using the Anatomical Therapeutical Chemical (ATC)/defined daily dose (DDD) methods
The present study found three classes of antibiotics that they were cephalosporin, macrolide, and quinolone, consisting of cefixime, cefadroxil, azithromycin, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin of antibiotics used in the treatment of ARI (Table 3)
Summary
Acute respiratory infection (ARI) disease or often referred to as ARIs is infections caused by viruses or bacteria. This infection begins with heat accompanied by one or more symptoms: Throat pain or pain, runny nose, dry cough, or phlegm. In Medan, the incidence of ARI was 225,494 cases (47.62%), and in Deli Serdang District, the cases of ARI were 12,871 cases (31.7%) of the total population. Deli Serdang Regency and Medan are regions that have high rates of morbidity of ARI in infants [2]. 40%–60% of ARI cases were outpatients, while only 15–30% of them were treated as outpatients [3]. In Padang Bulan Health Center, Medan, ARI patients reached 19,038 cases in 2011. Cases of ARI increased to 21,536 in 2012 [4]
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