Evaluation of Antibacterial, Antiinflammatory Activities and GC-MS Profiling of Millingtonia hortensis Linn. Leaf and Stem Bark Extracts

Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antiinflammatory activity of Millingtonia hortensis Linn. leaf and stem bark extracts and identify the bioactive compounds by GC-MS analysis. This study determined the antibacterial activities using the agar disc diffusion technique. The results revealed the ethanol extract of M. hortensis Linn. stem bark was the highest potential inhibitory against gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were performed. The highest inhibitory effect on Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, and Bacillus cereus with MIC and MBC values of 500 mg/ml. This investigation also indicated the M. hortensis Linn. leaf and stem bark extracts had no cytotoxicity against macrophage RAW264.7 cell line and strong antiinflammatory properties. The results of antiinflammatory activity showed that the ethanol extract of M. hortensis Linn. leaf and stem bark extracts were the most effective in inhibiting nitric oxide secretion with IC50 values of 0.25 and 0.41 mg/ml, respectively. GC-MS profiling analyzed the ethanol extract of M. hortensis Linn. stem bark, which had the highest antibacterial and antiinflammatory activity. There were three bioactive substances: 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester, trans-13-Octadecenoic acid, and oleic acid. The natural functions were antiinflammatory, dermatitigenicity, antioxidants, and antifungal activities. Therefore, the results suggest that the ethanol extract of M. hortensis Linn. stem bark had the highest potential usefulness for treating gram-positive bacteria infection and inflammation-induced ailment. This research will be helpful toward the better acceptability of this extract in therapeutics.