Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the antiarthritic activity of ginkgolic acid against the Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in rats. Arthritis was induced through an intradermal injection of CFA (0.1 mL) at the right hind footpad of adult Wistar Albino rats. Ginkgolic acid was administered orally at doses of 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, respectively, once daily via gavage for 25 days upon inducing arthritis. Indomethacin was administered orally at a dose of 3 mg/kg twice in a week which served as positive control group. The animals were sacrificed and subjected to biochemical and histopathological analysis upon completion of treatment. Ginkgolic acid was able to reverse the arthritic effect (p < 0.01) induced by CFA in a dose dependent manner. Swelling of paw, thymus and spleen index, serum biomarker levels, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly reduced (p < 0.01) by the acid whereas the antioxidant enzyme activities were remarkably restored. The histopathological findings were in agreement with the biochemical results. The results indicate that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of ginkgolic acid can be credited to the antiarthritic effects, and it can be promoted as a potential agent for therapeutic use against osteoarthritis.
Highlights
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative ailment which is usually linked to aging but can be linked to other factors like mechanical stress, genetic inheritance, hormonal imbalance, and injury at the bone cartilage, leading to disability and severe pain at the joints (Pan et al, 2017)
Spleen and thymus index observation was noted to evaluate the immunoregulatory effect of ginkgolic acid against Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis and it was found that the functions of thymus and spleen were protected by ginkgolic acid with an index almost similar to normal rats
The hematological parameters supported the organ index results where red blood cells and hemoglobin levels were reduced in arthritic rats which relates to the increased weight of thymus and spleen, which acts as filters of dead blood cells
Summary
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative ailment which is usually linked to aging but can be linked to other factors like mechanical stress, genetic inheritance, hormonal imbalance, and injury at the bone cartilage, leading to disability and severe pain at the joints (Pan et al, 2017). Characteristics of osteoarthritis include loss of the articular cartilage and damage to the tissues around the joints, degeneration and changes to the subchondral bone which causes chronic pain and limits the function of the joint concerned (Jeong et al, 2015). Inflammatory response has been linked to the progression of osteoarthritis, as recent reports reveal that chondrocytes. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are among the clinical treatments for osteoarthritic conditions but these drugs have shown adverse side effects such as gastrointestinal problems, renal complaints, cardiovascular troubles, and comorbidities in patients.
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