Abstract
ABSTRACT Hyper immune antirabies serum have been prepared in horses using inactivated and live attenuated rabies ERA vaccines with three different adjuvants including 20% Rehydra gel ; 5% Pet gel-A and 20% calcium phosphate gel. Such preparation was conducted through inoculation of each of three horse groups with 8 increased doses (one dose twice weekly) of an inactivated vaccine followed by 4 doses of a live attenuated vaccine (one dose twice weekly) with the same adjuvant. All prepared vaccine formulae were found to be free from foreign contaminants and safe with no post inoculation abnormal signs in inoculated mice. Monitoring of the levels of exhibited rabies antibodies in the sera of immunized horses using serum neutralization test (SNT) and Rabies virus antibody quantitative ELISA kit revealed that the prepared rabies vaccines with 5% Pet gel A adjuvant induced the highest antibody titers (2048 by SNT and 2.20 by ELISA kit) with expected protection percentage 96.14% followed by those induced by 20% Calcium phosphate gel recording the values of 2048 by SNT and 2.11 by ELISA kit with expected protection percentage 92.2%. Lower values (1024 by SNT; 2.05 by ELISA kit and 89.59% protection percentage) were recorded for the Rehydra gel adjuvanted vaccine. These obtained data reflect the safety and potency of the prepared horse anti-rabies hyper immune serum (HARHIS) to be used for post exposure treatment in emergency cases and that is the Pet gel A was the best adjuvant to be used.
Highlights
Rabies is acute enzootic progressive fatal viral encephalitis, caused by negative-stranded RNA virus belonged to the Genus Lyssavirus (Family Rhabdoviridae, Order Mononegavirales)
Eleven native breed male horses of about 3-5 years old without previous history of rabies vaccination were used for preparation of rabies antisera using inactivated and live attenuated rabies vaccine with three different adjuvants (Alhydro gel; Pet gel-A and calcium phosphate gel), where each formula was inoculated in each of three horses while 2 horses were kept without vaccination as test control
rabies hyperimmune sera (RHIS) was prepared following the direction of WHO (1973) where each 3 horses were immunized subcutaneously with 8 increased doses (25; 50; 75 &75ml) of one of the prepared inactivated rabies vaccine twice weekly followed by 4 doses (25 and 50ml where each dose contains 107TCID50/ml ) of live attenuated rabies virus strain ERA twice weekly so the first horse group was immunized with the Alhydro gel vaccine, the second group was immunized with Pet gel A vaccines and the third group was immunized with calcium phosphate vaccine
Summary
Rabies is acute enzootic progressive fatal viral encephalitis, caused by negative-stranded RNA virus belonged to the Genus Lyssavirus (Family Rhabdoviridae, Order Mononegavirales). Rabies virus is mainly transmitted via the saliva of infected domestic and wild animals (Rupprecht and Shlim, 2014). It infects domestic and wild animals and is spread to people through close contact with infected saliva via bites or scratches. Once the rabies virus reaches the central nervous system and symptoms begin to appear, the infection is effectively untreatable and usually fatal within days (Green and Rupprecht, 2006 ; Nigg and Walker, 2009 ). Anti-Rabies Serum is prepared from Human origin and Equine origin. Equine rabies hyperimmune serum (ERHIS) is cheaper; safe and can be used to reduce the post-exposure hazard. Effective treatment of Rabies is critically dependent on the availability of good-quality antisera (WHO, 2007)
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