Abstract
Obesity is considered a chronic metabolic disorder that can be associated with multiple medical complications. Currently, there is no or limited curative therapy for obesity. This study focused on the assessment of anti-obesity activity and UPLC standardization of a polyherbal formulation (F2). An anti-obesity activity was investigated using the diet-induced obese (DIO) mice model, where obesity was developed in C57BL/6J mice by providing a high-fat diet (HFD) for five weeks without treating drugs. After the successful development of obesity, the obese mice were treated with F2 for seven weeks with continuing HFD feeding. The major obesity-related parameters such as body weight gain, food efficiency ratio, serum lipid profile, and white adipose tissue (WAT) mass were found to be significantly reduced in F2 treated obese mice. These results were supported by the down-regulation of specific adipogenic transcription factors (PPARγ, SREBP-1c, and ap2) in epididymal WAT. Histological evaluation of liver and WAT also revealed reduced fat deposition in the tissues by F2 compared to the HFD control group. The overall observations indicated that the F2 exhibited pronounced obesity-controlling activity through the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation and triglyceride accumulation in the tissues, and serum lipid depletion. In addition, F2 ameliorated obesity-induced insulin resistance. Furthermore, the UPLC-DAD method for quality control of F2 was validated and standardized using five reference compounds: astragalin, ellagic acid, fisetin, fustin, and sulfuretin.
Highlights
IntroductionAdipogenesis is a complex process involving the synergistic action of numerous adipogenic factors
The ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) chromatographic condition for the analysis of F2 was optimized on the basis of certain conditions such as column type, column temperature, mobile phase, elution system, flow rate, injection volume, running time, and detection wavelength
We have further examined the anti-obesity activity of this herbal formulation (F2) in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice model, where male C57BL/6J mice were first fed with only high-fat diet (HFD) for five weeks to develop the DIO model, and only after the successful development of obesity, co-administration of F2 were done
Summary
Adipogenesis is a complex process involving the synergistic action of numerous adipogenic factors. The essential transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), CAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), adipocyte protein 2 (aP2), and sterol response element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) regulates the whole process of adipogenesis [4,5]. C/EBPα and PPARγ combinedly regulate adipogenesis [6]. Inhibition of these essential adipogenic factors is a potential target to inhibit adipogenesis, and so on obesity [7]. Deletion of PPARγ in adipose tissue ameliorated high fat-diet (HFD) induced obesity and insulin resistance [8]. C/EBPα deficient adipocytes accumulated less lipid in vitro [6]
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