Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease arise as a consequence of exposure to antigens that cause arthritis. A number of herbs have been studied and proven to inhibit arthritis, such as artichoke tea, honey and bee venom. In this study, Freund′s Complete Adjuvant (FCA) induced rheumatoid arthritis in mice model was established and evaluated the effect of fruit peel extracts of custard apple, Annona squamosa Linn (AS), on their treatment. After 10 weeks, treated with the peel extracts at high dose, 400 mg/kg/day, the mice body weight increased from 31.56 g to 38.00 g, amount of leukocytes decreased from 8.38 to 5.23 (x103 cells/mm3) and ankle joint diameter decreased from 4.63 to 3.95 (mm). Histological analysis revealed that effect of fruit peel extracts of AS inhibited invasion of the immune cells into the joint substrate, reduced the fiber formation and restored cartilage structure of synovial membrane. Therefore, AS fruit peel extract prevents inflammatory cell growth of rheumatoid arthritis, increases the number of leukocytes and the body's immunity.
Highlights
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) usually occurs in all races and ages
Administration of the aqueous extract of the leaves improved the activities of plasma insulin and lipid profile and reduced the levels of blood glucose and lipid peroxidation, indicating that the high levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol associated with diabetes can be significantly managed with the extract (Gupta et al, 2008, Kaleem et al, 2006)
Ethyl acetate and alcoholic extracts of A. squamosa fruit peel were administered orally (250 mg/kg body weight) for 21 days showed a significant decrease of blood glucose level and lipid profile on streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice when compared to untreated diabetic control group (Sharma et al, 2013)
Summary
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease arise as a consequence of exposure to antigens that cause arthritis. Freund′s Complete Adjuvant (FCA) induced rheumatoid arthritis in mice model was established and evaluated the effect of fruit peel extracts of custard apple, Annona squamosa Linn (AS), on their treatment. After 10 weeks, treated with the peel extracts at high dose, 400 mg/kg/day, the mice body weight increased from 31.56 g to 38.00 g, amount of leukocytes decreased from 8.38 to 5.23 (x103 cells/mm3) and ankle joint diameter decreased from 4.63 to 3.95 (mm). Histological analysis revealed that effect of fruit peel extracts of AS inhibited invasion of the immune cells into the joint substrate, reduced the fiber formation and restored cartilage structure of synovial membrane. AS fruit peel extract prevents inflammatory cell growth of rheumatoid arthritis, increases the number of leukocytes and the body's immunity
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