Abstract
Anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.), is one of the major yield losing fungal disease in both pre- and post-harvest stage of pepper (Capsicum spp.) production worldwide. Among the Colletotrichum spp., C. acutatum has strong pathogenicity, which infects both immature and mature pepper fruit leads to severe economic losses in pepper production. Inheritance of anthracnose disease resistance was evaluated with 3738 pepper genetic resources which was collected from different countries and conserved at Korean genebank. The resistance analysis against pepper anthracnose (C. acutatum) was performed on detached mature green and red fruits under laboratory conditions by spray (non-wounding) and microinjection (wounding) inoculation methods. In the primary screening, about 261 accessions were appeared to be resistant against C. acutatum in spray inoculation. The resistant accessions were further evaluated with microinjection (wounding) inoculation method using the fungal (C. acutatum) isolate of pepper anthracnose. There were highly significant differences in the disease severity and distribution of disease rating scale, considering all the sources has significant genetic variation. Finally, the anthracnose resistant pepper accessions have been validated with cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) and high-resolution melting (HRM) markers in which, the CAPS and HRM marker analysis showed four types of genotypes such as resistant (R), susceptible (S), heterozygous (H) and Unidentified type (UT) or not detection. The Capsicum accessions showing high level of resistance to the pathogen could be used as source material in breeding programs for resistance to anthracnose disease.
Highlights
The Capsicum L. (Solanaceae) represents a diverse plant group contains a large number of cultivated species as well as wild species that are grown for their fruits, and are an important vegetable consumed throughout the world
Capsicum species have been divided into three complexes such as, C. annuum, C. baccatum and C. pubescens complexes based on cytogenetics and cross fertility [4]
A total of 3738 accessions used in this study originated from 112 countries (Table 1) which includes 12 Capsicum species such as, C. annuum, C. baccatum, C. glabriusculum, C. chacoense, C. chinense, C. eximium, C. frutescens, C. galapagoense, C. pendulum, C. praetermissum, C. pubescens, and C. tovarii
Summary
The Capsicum L. (Solanaceae) represents a diverse plant group contains a large number of cultivated species as well as wild species that are grown for their fruits, and are an important vegetable consumed throughout the world. (Solanaceae) represents a diverse plant group contains a large number of cultivated species as well as wild species that are grown for their fruits, and are an important vegetable consumed throughout the world. 25 Capsicum species have been cultivated extensively [1] and being used as food flavoring, pharmaceutical ingredient, coloring agent and in many other innovative ways [2]. Capsicum was classified by its flower, fruit structure and chromosome number [3]. The wild ancestor of Capsicum species remains unclear; due to some wild species have a predominant chromosome numbers [5,6]. Wild species of Capsicum are important sources of genetic diversity and reservoirs of genes for breeding programs of cultivated pepper [7]
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